GK Questions

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polity medium fill_blank

Article 243G of the Constitution, inserted by the 73rd Amendment, empowers State Legislatures to endow Panchayats with powers and authority to function as institutions of self-government for preparing plans and implementing schemes for economic development and ______ justice.

  1. criminal
  2. social
  3. economic
  4. environmental
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Under Article 279A, decisions of the GST Council are taken by a majority of not less than 3/4th of weighted votes, with the Union Government having ______ of total vote weight and all State Governments collectively having 2/3.

  1. one-fourth
  2. one-third
  3. one-half
  4. two-thirds
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The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 mandates reservation for women in Panchayats at all levels (village, block, district) to the extent of not less than ______ of total seats, with rotation of reserved seats.

  1. 25%
  2. 33%
  3. 40%
  4. 50%
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The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has powers of a civil court for inquiry but its recommendations are not binding on governments; implementation depends on executive action and ______ oversight.

  1. judicial
  2. legislative
  3. executive
  4. media
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Under Article 315-323, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is an independent constitutional body whose Chairman and members can be removed only by the ______ on grounds of misbehaviour after Supreme Court inquiry.

  1. Prime Minister
  2. President
  3. Parliament
  4. Chief Justice
polity hard fill_blank

Freedom of expression under Article 19(1)(a) is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) for hate speech, and courts apply ______ test to balance free speech with prevention of discrimination, violence against marginalized groups.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
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In Indra Sawhney case (1992), the Supreme Court laid down 50% ceiling on total reservation, but held this ceiling can be exceeded in extraordinary situations reflecting ______ of a particular State or region.

  1. economic prosperity
  2. extraordinary backwardness
  3. political pressure
  4. administrative convenience
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Freedom of movement under Article 19(1)(d) enables internal migration for employment, education, but is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(5) for public interest, and courts apply ______ test to balance migration rights with regulatory needs like pandemic control or resource management.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
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The Supreme Court has interpreted Article 21 to require protection from custodial torture, with guidelines including medical examination of arrestees, recording of arrest details, and production before magistrate within ______ hours to prevent abuse and ensure accountability.

  1. 12
  2. 24
  3. 48
  4. 72
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In Davinder Singh case (2024), the Supreme Court held that States can create sub-classifications within SC reservation to ensure equitable distribution of benefits, provided the classification is based on ______ data showing backwardness and inadequacy of representation.

  1. anecdotal
  2. quantifiable
  3. political
  4. historical
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In National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court recognized transgender persons as a third gender under Article 21, affirming their right to self-identify gender and directing reservation in education/employment to address historical ______.

  1. privilege
  2. discrimination
  3. advantage
  4. neutrality
polity hard fill_blank

Freedom of press under Article 19(1)(a) is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2), and courts apply ______ test to balance media freedom with legitimate state interests like defamation, public order, and national security.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
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To address delays in criminal justice, the Supreme Court has directed implementation of case management systems, time-bound investigation, and ______ courts for expedited trial of serious offences, operationalizing right to speedy trial under Article 21.

  1. special
  2. fast track
  3. mobile
  4. virtual
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The Supreme Court has interpreted Article 21 to require humane treatment of prisoners, including protection from torture, access to legal aid, and rehabilitation programs, recognizing that ______ is intrinsic to right to life even for those deprived of liberty.

  1. punishment
  2. dignity
  3. isolation
  4. retribution
polity hard fill_blank

Indian courts increasingly recognize intersectional vulnerabilities (e.g., Dalit women, disabled LGBTQ+ persons) and interpret Article 14 to address compounded discrimination by combining special provisions under Articles 15(3) for women/children and 15(4) for ______.

  1. religious minorities
  2. SC/ST/OBC
  3. economic weaker sections
  4. senior citizens
polity hard fill_blank

The 'creamy layer' concept in reservation jurisprudence, introduced in Indra Sawhney case (1992), excludes advanced sections within OBCs from reservation benefits to ensure affirmative action reaches the ______ within reserved categories.

  1. most privileged
  2. neediest
  3. urban
  4. educated
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The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 established the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) to provide free and competent legal services to eligible persons, operationalizing the constitutional commitment to access to justice under Article ______ and Article 39A.

  1. 14
  2. 19
  3. 21
  4. 32
polity hard fill_blank

In Puttaswamy case (2017), the Supreme Court recognized three dimensions of privacy under Article 21: spatial (control over physical space), decisional (autonomy over personal choices), and ______ (control over personal data).

  1. economic
  2. informational
  3. political
  4. cultural
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In Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and expression over the internet is protected under Article 19(1)(a), and restrictions must satisfy the ______ test, requiring publication of orders, judicial review, and proportionality assessment.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny
polity hard fill_blank

In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court recognized right to privacy as intrinsic to Article 21 and applied the ______ test to balance privacy rights with state interests in welfare delivery and national security.

  1. Wednesbury
  2. proportionality
  3. rational basis
  4. strict scrutiny