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Integrated disease surveillance under One Health monitors pathogens at the ________ interface to prevent spillover events.
- Human-Animal-Environment
- Urban-Rural
- Land-Water
- Local-Global
Answer: Human-Animal-Environment
One Health surveillance links human health, veterinary, wildlife, environmental data to detect zoonotic threats early (e.g., Nipah, avian flu). India's IDSP incorporates animal health components. [[MoHFW, MoEFCC Reports]]
The National Digital Literacy Mission measures competency in using digital devices, internet, and ________ services.
- Banking
- Government
- Healthcare
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Digital literacy includes accessing e-governance (DigiLocker, UMANG), digital payments (UPI), teleconsultations. PMGDISHA curriculum covers these practical skills for rural empowerment. [[MeitY Reports]]
Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) can be produced from ________ via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- Coal
- Natural gas
- Biomass/waste
- All of these
Answer: Biomass/waste
SAF from agricultural residues, municipal waste, algae via thermochemical/biochemical routes. Drop-in fuels compatible with existing aircraft; reduce lifecycle emissions by up to 80%. India's SAF policy under development. [[MoCA, MNRE Reports]]
Effective climate communication tailors messages to audience values, using ________ to motivate action.
- Fear appeals
- Hope-based narratives
- Local examples
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Evidence-based communication: balance urgency with agency, use trusted messengers, connect to local impacts/solutions. Critical for public engagement, policy support. India's climate outreach leverages cultural narratives. [[MoEFCC, NITI Aayog Reports]]
Exascale computing systems perform at least ________ floating-point operations per second.
- 10¹⁵
- 10¹⁸
- 10²¹
- 10²⁴
Answer: 10¹⁸
Exascale = 10¹⁸ FLOPS; enables complex simulations: climate modeling, drug discovery, fusion research. India's National Supercomputing Mission aims for exascale capability by 2028. [[MeitY, DST Reports]]
Deep learning models like DeepVariant improve the accuracy of ________ calling from next-generation sequencing data.
- Gene
- Variant
- Expression
- Methylation
Answer: Variant
DeepVariant uses CNNs to interpret sequencing reads, reducing false positives/negatives in SNP/indel detection. Critical for clinical genomics, population studies. IndiGen project leverages such tools for Indian genome diversity. [[ICMR, DBT Reports]]
India contributes to the Digital Public Goods Alliance by open-sourcing platforms like ________ for global adoption.
- Aadhaar
- UPI
- CoWIN
- All of these
Answer: All of these
DPGA recognizes open-source solutions that advance SDGs. India shares CoWIN (vaccination), UPI (payments), MOSIP (identity) as digital public goods. Promotes South-South cooperation in digital transformation. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]
Edible films made from ________ proteins or polysaccharides offer biodegradable alternatives to plastic packaging.
- Synthetic
- Plant/Animal
- Petroleum-based
- Metallic
Answer: Plant/Animal
Biopolymers: zein (corn), whey (milk), chitosan (crustacean), alginate (seaweed) form edible/biodegradable films. Reduce plastic waste; challenges: mechanical strength, moisture barrier. Research at Indian food tech institutes. [[MoFPI Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
India's National Climate Data Centre (NCDC) under IMD archives and disseminates ________ data for research and policy.
- Weather
- Climate
- Ocean
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NCDC maintains long-term records of temperature, rainfall, cyclones, sea surface temperature, etc. Essential for climate monitoring, attribution studies, adaptation planning. Open data policy supports scientific community. [[IMD, MoES Reports]]
Quantum sensors exploit quantum ________ to achieve unprecedented precision in measuring gravity, magnetic fields, and time.
- Entanglement
- Superposition
- Interference
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Quantum metrology uses entangled states, superposition, interference to surpass classical limits. Applications: mineral exploration (gravimetry), brain imaging (magnetometry), navigation (atomic clocks). India's quantum mission prioritizes sensor development. [[DST Reports]]
Precision nutrition tailors dietary recommendations based on an individual's genomics, microbiome, and ________ data.
- Metabolomics
- Proteomics
- Lifestyle
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Integrating multi-omics (genomics, metabolomics, microbiome) with lifestyle, clinical data enables personalized diets for disease prevention, management. ICMR's IndiGen project supports genomic research for precision health. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
The MOSIP (Modular Open Source Identity Platform) is an open-source solution for building ________ identity systems.
- Biometric
- Digital
- National
- All of these
Answer: All of these
MOSIP, developed by IIIT-Bengaluru, provides modular, privacy-by-design framework for digital ID. Adopted by Philippines, Morocco; India explores interoperability with Aadhaar for specific use cases. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]
Artificial enzymes mimic natural catalysis using ________ to achieve high selectivity and activity.
- Synthetic polymers
- Metal complexes
- Nanostructures
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Bio-inspired catalysts replicate enzyme active sites (e.g., porphyrins for heme) using synthetic scaffolds. Applications: green synthesis, environmental remediation, energy conversion. Interdisciplinary field combining chemistry, biology, materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
The Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol finances projects in developing countries to cope with ________ impacts.
- Economic
- Climate
- Health
- Technological
Answer: Climate
Adaptation Fund supports concrete adaptation projects/programs: early warning systems, climate-resilient agriculture, coastal protection. India has accessed funds for community-based adaptation in vulnerable regions. [[MoEFCC, UNFCCC Reports]]
Ion thrusters used in spacecraft propulsion accelerate ions using ________ fields to generate thrust.
- Magnetic
- Electric
- Gravitational
- Electromagnetic
Answer: Electric
Ion engines: electric fields accelerate xenon ions to high velocity, producing efficient low-thrust propulsion. Used in deep-space missions (e.g., Chandrayaan-2 orbiter). High specific impulse enables long-duration missions. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Spatial transcriptomics combines gene expression profiling with ________ information to map RNA within tissue sections.
- Temporal
- Spatial
- Metabolic
- Proteomic
Answer: Spatial
Techniques like 10x Visium, MERFISH preserve tissue architecture while sequencing RNA. Reveals cell-cell interactions, tissue organization in development, disease. Transformative for cancer biology, neuroscience. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
The Account Aggregator framework in India enables consent-based sharing of ________ data among financial institutions.
- Credit
- Transaction
- Identity
- Biometric
Answer: Transaction
AA ecosystem: users grant consent via AA apps to share financial data (bank statements, investments) securely with lenders, insurers. Enhances credit access, reduces paperwork, empowers data principals. [[RBI, MeitY Reports]]
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) store hydrogen via ________ adsorption at cryogenic temperatures.
- Chemical
- Physical
- Electrochemical
- Biological
Answer: Physical
Physisorption: weak van der Waals forces bind H₂ to high-surface-area MOFs. Reversible, fast kinetics; challenges: low volumetric density at ambient conditions. Research focuses on optimizing pore chemistry for room-temperature storage. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Green bonds are debt instruments issued to raise capital specifically for projects with ________ benefits.
- Social
- Environmental
- Economic
- Cultural
Answer: Environmental
Green bonds fund renewable energy, clean transport, sustainable water management, etc. India is among top emerging market issuers. SEBI's Green Bond Guidelines (2017) ensure transparency and impact reporting. [[SEBI, MoEFCC Reports]]
Quantum teleportation transfers the quantum state of a particle using ________ and classical communication.
- Entanglement
- Superposition
- Interference
- Diffraction
Answer: Entanglement
Quantum teleportation: entangled pair shared between sender/receiver; Bell measurement + classical bits enable state reconstruction. Does not transmit matter/energy; foundational for quantum internet. India's QuEST program advances this research. [[DST Reports]]