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In Puttaswamy case (2017), the Supreme Court recognized three dimensions of privacy under Article 21: spatial (control over physical space), decisional (autonomy over personal choices), and ______ (control over personal data).
- economic
- informational
- political
- cultural
Answer: informational
Privacy dimensions jurisprudence: (a) Puttaswamy (2017): 9-judge bench identified three dimensions: (i) Spatial privacy: Control over physical space, home, body, (ii) Decisional privacy: Autonomy over personal choices (marriage, procreation, sexual orientation), (iii) Informational privacy: Control over personal data, collection, use, disclosure, (b) Applications: (i) Spatial: Protection against unlawful search/seizure, domestic violence, custodial torture, (ii) Decisional: Navtej Singh Johar (decriminalization of homosexuality), Joseph Shine (adultery decriminalization), reproductive rights cases, (iii) Informational: DPDP Act, 2023 (data protection framework), Aadhaar authentication limits, surveillance oversight, (c) Proportionality overlay: Each dimension subject to proportionality test balancing individual privacy vs. state interests (security, welfare efficiency, public health), (d) Emerging challenges: (i) Digital age: Data aggregation, algorithmic profiling, cross-border data flows, (ii) Biometric technology: Aadhaar, facial recognition, DNA databases raise privacy concerns, (iii) Corporate surveillance: Tech companies' data collection practices require regulatory oversight, (e) Illustrates adaptive constitutionalism: Privacy concept evolves with technology, social norms; proportionality test ensures calibrated balancing of rights vs. state interests.