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To address delays in criminal justice, the Supreme Court has directed implementation of case management systems, time-bound investigation, and ______ courts for expedited trial of serious offences, operationalizing right to speedy trial under Article 21.
- special
- fast track
- mobile
- virtual
Answer: fast track
Speedy trial reforms: (a) Constitutional basis: Article 21 interpreted to include right to speedy trial (Hussainara Khatoon, 1979), (b) Judicial directions for reform: (i) Case management systems: Digital tracking of cases, monitoring delays, prioritizing old cases, (ii) Time-bound investigation: Guidelines for police to complete investigation within stipulated periods, (iii) Fast Track Courts: Special courts for expedited trial of serious offences (sexual offences, POCSO cases, corruption), (iv) Alternative dispute resolution: Plea bargaining, mediation to reduce trial burden, (c) Applications: (i) POCSO cases: Fast Track Courts for child sexual abuse cases to minimize trauma, ensure speedy justice, (ii) Corruption cases: Special courts for expedited trial of corruption offences, (iii) Undertrial review: Periodic review committees to release undertrials detained longer than maximum sentence, (d) Challenges: (i) Capacity: Shortage of judges, infrastructure for Fast Track Courts, (ii) Quality: Ensuring expedited trial does not compromise fair procedure, evidence evaluation, (iii) Coordination: Police, prosecution, courts need synchronized case management, (e) Illustrates procedural due process: Article 21 interpreted to require not just fair trial but timely trial; institutional reforms operationalize constitutional right through case management, specialized courts.