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The e-Office initiative digitizes file management and workflow in government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Office replaces paper files with digital workflows: creation, routing, approval, archiving. Improves efficiency, transparency, and remote work capability. Part of Digital India's governance transformation.
Digital trade agreements increasingly address data flows, privacy, and digital taxation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Modern trade agreements (DEPA, RCEP digital chapters) cover: cross-border data flows, data localization, e-commerce, and digital services taxation. Critical for understanding global digital economy governance.
5G network slicing enables creation of virtual networks optimized for specific use cases on shared infrastructure.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Network slicing partitions 5G infrastructure into logical networks with customized QoS: low-latency for autonomous vehicles, high-bandwidth for video, massive IoT for sensors. Critical for 5G monetization and industry applications.
NewSQL databases combine SQL interface with NoSQL scalability for transactional workloads.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NewSQL (CockroachDB, TiDB) provides ACID transactions, SQL compatibility, and horizontal scaling. Bridges gap between traditional RDBMS and NoSQL. Critical for modern database architecture questions.
Serverless architecture eliminates the need for developers to manage servers, focusing on code functions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Serverless (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) abstracts infrastructure: auto-scaling, pay-per-execution. Trade-offs: cold starts, vendor lock-in. Critical for cost-optimized cloud development questions.
Cloud certifications like AWS Solutions Architect validate expertise in designing cloud infrastructure.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cloud certifications (AWS, Azure, GCP) validate skills in architecture, security, and operations. Valued by employers for cloud roles. India has growing demand for certified professionals. Critical for career development questions.
The Startup India Seed Fund Scheme provides financial support for proof of concept and commercialization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SISFS provides up to ₹20 lakh for proof of concept and ₹50 lakh for commercialization via incubators. Targets early-stage innovation-driven startups. Critical for entrepreneurship policy questions.
The DPDP Act 2023 requires data fiduciaries to implement reasonable security safeguards for personal data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act Section 8(5) mandates technical/organizational measures: encryption, access controls, incident response. Aligns with global standards (GDPR). Critical for data protection compliance questions.
Zero Trust Architecture requires verification of every access request regardless of network location.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Zero Trust assumes breach and verifies identity, device health, and context for every request. Implements micro-segmentation, least privilege, and continuous monitoring. Critical for modern security architecture questions.
Differential privacy adds statistical noise to datasets to protect individual identities while preserving aggregate insights.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Differential privacy mathematically guarantees that query results don't reveal individual records. Used in census data, health analytics, and tech company telemetry. Balances utility and privacy. Critical for privacy-preserving analytics questions.
The Metaverse Standards Forum aims to develop interoperable protocols for virtual worlds.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Metaverse Standards Forum (Khronos Group, Linux Foundation) develops open standards for interoperability: avatars, assets, identity across platforms. Critical for avoiding walled gardens and enabling open metaverse ecosystems. Important for future tech governance questions.
Generative AI models like GPT can create original text content but may produce factual inaccuracies (hallucinations).
- True
- False
Answer: True
Large Language Models generate plausible text but can 'hallucinate' incorrect facts, especially for niche topics. Mitigation: retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), fact-checking layers, and human oversight. Critical for responsible AI deployment questions.
LoRaWAN is a low-power, long-range wireless protocol suitable for battery-operated IoT sensors.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) enables km-range communication with years of battery life. Ideal for smart agriculture, utilities, and asset tracking. Trade-off: low data rate vs long range. Critical for LPWAN technology questions.
India's UPI system has been adopted by countries like Singapore, UAE, and France for cross-border payments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
UPI's success led to international linkages: PayNow-UPI (Singapore), UPI-PayNow (UAE), and discussions with France, UK. NPCI International promotes UPI-like systems globally. Represents India's leadership in digital public infrastructure and fintech innovation.
Carbon capture technology can remove CO2 directly from ambient air (Direct Air Capture).
- True
- False
Answer: True
Direct Air Capture (DAC) uses chemical processes to extract CO2 from ambient air for storage or utilization. Complements emission reduction for net-zero goals. India is developing DAC roadmap under National Carbon Capture Program. Critical for climate tech questions.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NLP combines linguistics and AI for tasks: translation, sentiment analysis, chatbots, summarization. Transformer models (BERT, GPT) revolutionized NLP with attention mechanisms. Critical for AI applications in governance, customer service, and accessibility questions.
Green hydrogen can be stored and used as long-duration energy storage for renewable integration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green hydrogen (electrolysis using renewables) stores energy chemically for days/weeks, convertible to electricity via fuel cells or turbines. Complements batteries (short-duration) for seasonal storage. India's National Green Hydrogen Mission targets this application.
Small satellites (CubeSats) enable low-cost access to space for research and commercial applications.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CubeSats (10x10x10 cm units) standardize small satellite design, reducing cost/time for development and launch. Enable: technology demos, earth observation, IoT connectivity. India promotes CubeSats via ISRO and academic programs. Critical for democratizing space access questions.
Red Team exercises simulate real-world attacks to test organizational security posture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Red Teaming conducts adversarial simulations (physical, cyber, social) to identify gaps in detection, response, and resilience. Distinct from pentesting (vulnerability-focused). Critical for mature security programs and incident readiness questions.
Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography uses 13.5nm wavelength light for patterning sub-7nm features.
- True
- False
Answer: True
EUV lithography (ASML) enables single-patterning of sub-7nm features vs multi-patterning with DUV. Challenges: light source power, mask defects, resist sensitivity. Critical technology for leading-edge chips; India monitors for future capability development.