Technology – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

Q: A security measure that converts sensitive data into a fixed-size string of characters, which cannot be reversed, is called ________.

Hashing – Hashing transforms input data of any size into a fixed-length hash value using algorithms like SHA-256 or MD5. It is one-way (irreversible), used for password storage, data integrity verification, and digital signatures. Unlike encryption, hashed data cannot be decrypted to original form.

Q: The concept where physical and digital worlds merge through smart devices and data exchange is called Industry ________.

4.0 – Industry 4.0 (Fourth Industrial Revolution) integrates IoT, AI, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, and real-time data analytics into manufacturing. Enables smart factories with predictive maintenance, mass customization, and autonomous decision-making. India's SAMARTH Udyog initiative promotes Industry 4.0 adoption in MSMEs.

Q: A private network within an organization that uses internet protocols but is accessible only to authorized users is called an ________.

Intranet – Intranet is a private network using TCP/IP protocols, accessible only to organization members. It hosts internal websites, documents, and applications. Extranet extends intranet to authorized external users (partners, vendors). Internet is the public global network. Firewalls protect intranets from external threats.

Q: The initiative that promotes domestic manufacturing of electronics in India is called ________ in India.

Make – Make in India, launched in 2014, aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub, with focus on 27 sectors including electronics, IT, and telecommunications. It encourages foreign investment, skill development, and innovation to boost domestic production and reduce imports.

Q: The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory is called ________.

Booting – Booting is the startup sequence when a computer is powered on. BIOS/UEFI performs POST (Power-On Self-Test), locates boot device, loads bootloader, which then loads the OS kernel into RAM. Cold boot = power-on start; warm boot = restart without power cycle.

Q: The branch of AI focused on enabling computers to understand and process human language is called ________ Processing.

Natural Language – Natural Language Processing (NLP) combines linguistics, computer science, and AI to enable machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. Applications include chatbots, translation services, sentiment analysis, voice assistants, and automated content summarization.

Q: In programming, a loop that executes at least once regardless of condition is called a ________ loop.

do-while – do-while loop checks the condition AFTER executing the loop body, guaranteeing at least one execution. In contrast, while and for loops check condition BEFORE execution, potentially skipping the body entirely if condition is initially false. Syntax varies by language but logic remains consistent.

Q: The protocol used for sending emails from a client to a server is ________.

SMTP – SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails from client to server or between mail servers. POP3 and IMAP are used for retrieving emails from server to client. SMTP typically uses port 25 (or 587 for secure submission).

Q: A type of attack where hackers intercept communication between two parties without their knowledge is called ________-in-the-Middle attack.

Man – Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack occurs when attackers secretly relay and possibly alter communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating. Prevention includes using HTTPS, VPNs, certificate pinning, and avoiding public Wi-Fi for sensitive transactions.

Q: The maximum transaction limit for UPI payments as per RBI guidelines (2026) is ₹________ for most categories.

1,00,000 – As of 2026, the standard UPI transaction limit is ₹1 lakh per transaction for most categories. Some categories like capital market, insurance, and mutual funds have higher limits (₹2-5 lakh). Limits may vary by bank and user risk profile. Always check latest RBI notifications for updates.