Technology – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

Carbon trading (cap-and-trade) sets emission limits and allows trading of allowances. India exploring carbon markets under Climate Change Act. Critical for climate policy and finance questions.

Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) offers high bandwidth for satellite broadband but susceptible to rain attenuation. Requires adaptive coding and ground station diversity. Critical for satellite communication planning.

NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) has 7 satellites providing positioning accuracy better than 20m over India and 1500 km surrounding area. Alternative to GPS for strategic autonomy.

Quantum entanglement enables correlated states between particles, foundational for quantum teleportation, superdense coding, and quantum computing. Critical for understanding quantum information science.

Coherence time (T1 for energy relaxation, T2 for phase decoherence) determines how many quantum operations can be performed before errors dominate. Longer coherence enables more complex algorithms.

Shor's Algorithm factors integers in polynomial time on quantum computers, breaking RSA which relies on factoring difficulty. Requires fault-tolerant quantum computers not yet available. Critical for post-quantum cryptography planning.

AI Auditing involves systematic evaluation of models for fairness, accuracy, robustness, and compliance. Tools include bias detection frameworks, performance metrics, and third-party assessments. Critical for responsible AI deployment.

Human-in-the-loop (HITL) ensures human oversight of AI decisions, especially in high-stakes domains. Critical for accountability, error correction, and ethical compliance. Complements human-on-the-loop supervision.

ITU Global Cybersecurity Index assesses national cybersecurity commitment; forums facilitate knowledge sharing. India ranks high in GCI. Critical for international cybersecurity questions.

SSH (Secure Shell) encrypts remote command execution and file transfer, replacing insecure Telnet. Critical for secure network administration.

Security as Code (Open Policy Agent, AWS Config Rules) defines policies in declarative code, enabling version control, testing, and automated enforcement. Critical for scalable security governance.

Adapter/ACL patterns wrap external APIs, translating between internal models and external interfaces. Critical for maintainable integrations and testing.

ABC stores academic credits digitally; DigiLocker stores certificates. Both enable instant verification for admissions, jobs, reducing fraud.

GPAI (founded 2020) brings together experts for responsible AI development: research, policy, best practices. India is founding member. Critical for international AI governance questions.

LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol, IEEE) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) enable devices to advertise identity/capabilities. Critical for network management and troubleshooting.

Automated remediation uses policies and scripts to fix misconfigurations (e.g., close public ports) without manual intervention. Critical for scalable cloud security operations.

Pub-Sub uses brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ) for asynchronous communication, enabling scalability and resilience. Critical for event-driven and microservices architectures.

BharatKosh consolidates government payment gateways for fees, taxes, donations. Supports UPI, cards, netbanking. Critical for cashless governance and financial inclusion.

ITU (UN agency) develops technical standards for telecom, spectrum allocation, and digital development. India actively participates in ITU standardization processes.

Diffie-Hellman enables two parties to establish shared secret over public channel, foundation for TLS, SSH. Critical for understanding cryptographic protocols in network security.