Science – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

Agricultural drones equipped with multispectral sensors assess crop health (NDVI), soil moisture, pest infestation. Enable precision application of inputs, optimizing yield and sustainability. [[MoA Reports, ISRO]]

QKD (e.g., BB84 protocol) uses quantum properties: any eavesdropping disturbs quantum states (uncertainty), detectable by legitimate users. Enables theoretically unbreakable encryption. India's National Quantum Mission supports R&D. [[DST Reports]]

Supercritical CO₂ (above 31°C, 73 atm) has gas-like diffusivity and liquid-like solvation power. Non-toxic, non-flammable, easily separable. Embodies green chemistry principles. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

DPDP Act 2023 establishes framework for processing personal data, emphasizing consent, purpose limitation, data principal rights. Aligns with global standards while addressing Indian context. [[MeitY Reports]]

Smart Cities Mission (2015) promotes area-based development with sustainable mobility, water/energy efficiency, ICT integration, and citizen participation. 100 cities selected across India. [[MoHUA Reports]]

Proto-oncogenes regulate cell division; mutations (point, amplification, translocation) convert them to oncogenes (e.g., RAS, MYC), driving uncontrolled proliferation. Key concept in carcinogenesis. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Gandhinagar, leads India's fusion program (ADITYA-U tokamak, SST-1). Aims for clean, abundant energy via replicating stellar processes. [[DST Reports, NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Cyclic voltammetry applies triangular potential waveform to electrode, measuring current response. Reveals redox potentials, reaction mechanisms, electron transfer kinetics. Key tool in electrochemistry research. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) uses publish-subscribe model for efficient machine-to-machine communication. Ideal for sensor networks, smart homes, industrial IoT. [[MeitY Guidelines]]

ZBNF (Subhash Palekar) uses Jeevamrut (microbial culture), Bijamrita (seed treatment), Mulching, and Waaphasa (soil aeration) to enhance soil health and reduce costs. Promoted in several Indian states. [[MoA Reports]]

Base editors (e.g., cytosine/adenine base editors) chemically convert C→T or A→G without DSBs, reducing unintended indels. Safer for therapeutic genome editing. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Higgs field interacts with particles via Higgs mechanism, endowing them with mass. Discovery confirmed Standard Model prediction. Nobel Prize in Physics 2013. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

DFT calculates electronic structure (energy, orbitals) of atoms, molecules, solids using electron density instead of wavefunctions. Widely used in materials design, catalysis, drug discovery. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Edge computing reduces latency and bandwidth by processing data at/near IoT devices (sensors, phones). Critical for real-time applications: autonomous vehicles, industrial automation. [[MeitY Reports]]

Waste incineration burns MSW to generate steam, driving turbines for electricity. Reduces landfill volume but requires emission controls. Part of integrated waste management. [[MoEFCC Guidelines]]

CpG islands (CG dinucleotides) are common methylation sites. Methyl groups added to cytosine by DNMT enzymes silence genes. Epigenetic changes influence development, disease, and inheritance. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Graphene's 2D honeycomb lattice gives exceptional strength, conductivity, and flexibility. Applications: flexible electronics, composites, sensors. Nobel Prize in Physics 2010. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, DST Reports]]

PLA is synthesized from lactic acid produced by fermenting corn starch/sugarcane. Degrades to CO₂ and water under composting conditions. Sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Geostationary orbit (GEO) at ~35,786 km altitude matches Earth's rotation period (24h), so satellite appears fixed. Used for TV broadcasting, weather monitoring, communication. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Physics Class 11]]

RO forces water through semi-permeable membrane against osmotic gradient, rejecting ions/molecules. Widely used for desalination and water purification. [[CPCB Guidelines, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]