Oncogenes are mutated versions of normal cellular genes called ________ that promote cell growth.
- Tumor suppressors
- Proto-oncogenes
- Apoptosis genes
- DNA repair genes
Answer: Proto-oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes regulate cell division; mutations (point, amplification, translocation) convert them to oncogenes (e.g., RAS, MYC), driving uncontrolled proliferation. Key concept in carcinogenesis. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]