Science – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

The Genome India Project aims to sequence 10,000 Indian genomes across diverse ethnic groups to build a comprehensive genetic reference database for healthcare and research.

One Health surveillance links human health, veterinary, wildlife, environmental data to detect zoonotic threats early (e.g., Nipah, avian flu). India's IDSP incorporates animal health components. [[MoHFW, MoEFCC Reports]]

Digital literacy includes accessing e-governance (DigiLocker, UMANG), digital payments (UPI), teleconsultations. PMGDISHA curriculum covers these practical skills for rural empowerment. [[MeitY Reports]]

SAF from agricultural residues, municipal waste, algae via thermochemical/biochemical routes. Drop-in fuels compatible with existing aircraft; reduce lifecycle emissions by up to 80%. India's SAF policy under development. [[MoCA, MNRE Reports]]

Evidence-based communication: balance urgency with agency, use trusted messengers, connect to local impacts/solutions. Critical for public engagement, policy support. India's climate outreach leverages cultural narratives. [[MoEFCC, NITI Aayog Reports]]

Exascale = 10¹⁸ FLOPS; enables complex simulations: climate modeling, drug discovery, fusion research. India's National Supercomputing Mission aims for exascale capability by 2028. [[MeitY, DST Reports]]

DeepVariant uses CNNs to interpret sequencing reads, reducing false positives/negatives in SNP/indel detection. Critical for clinical genomics, population studies. IndiGen project leverages such tools for Indian genome diversity. [[ICMR, DBT Reports]]

DPGA recognizes open-source solutions that advance SDGs. India shares CoWIN (vaccination), UPI (payments), MOSIP (identity) as digital public goods. Promotes South-South cooperation in digital transformation. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]

Biopolymers: zein (corn), whey (milk), chitosan (crustacean), alginate (seaweed) form edible/biodegradable films. Reduce plastic waste; challenges: mechanical strength, moisture barrier. Research at Indian food tech institutes. [[MoFPI Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

NCDC maintains long-term records of temperature, rainfall, cyclones, sea surface temperature, etc. Essential for climate monitoring, attribution studies, adaptation planning. Open data policy supports scientific community. [[IMD, MoES Reports]]

Quantum metrology uses entangled states, superposition, interference to surpass classical limits. Applications: mineral exploration (gravimetry), brain imaging (magnetometry), navigation (atomic clocks). India's quantum mission prioritizes sensor development. [[DST Reports]]

Integrating multi-omics (genomics, metabolomics, microbiome) with lifestyle, clinical data enables personalized diets for disease prevention, management. ICMR's IndiGen project supports genomic research for precision health. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

MOSIP, developed by IIIT-Bengaluru, provides modular, privacy-by-design framework for digital ID. Adopted by Philippines, Morocco; India explores interoperability with Aadhaar for specific use cases. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]

Bio-inspired catalysts replicate enzyme active sites (e.g., porphyrins for heme) using synthetic scaffolds. Applications: green synthesis, environmental remediation, energy conversion. Interdisciplinary field combining chemistry, biology, materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Adaptation Fund supports concrete adaptation projects/programs: early warning systems, climate-resilient agriculture, coastal protection. India has accessed funds for community-based adaptation in vulnerable regions. [[MoEFCC, UNFCCC Reports]]

Ion engines: electric fields accelerate xenon ions to high velocity, producing efficient low-thrust propulsion. Used in deep-space missions (e.g., Chandrayaan-2 orbiter). High specific impulse enables long-duration missions. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Techniques like 10x Visium, MERFISH preserve tissue architecture while sequencing RNA. Reveals cell-cell interactions, tissue organization in development, disease. Transformative for cancer biology, neuroscience. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

AA ecosystem: users grant consent via AA apps to share financial data (bank statements, investments) securely with lenders, insurers. Enhances credit access, reduces paperwork, empowers data principals. [[RBI, MeitY Reports]]

Physisorption: weak van der Waals forces bind H₂ to high-surface-area MOFs. Reversible, fast kinetics; challenges: low volumetric density at ambient conditions. Research focuses on optimizing pore chemistry for room-temperature storage. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Green bonds fund renewable energy, clean transport, sustainable water management, etc. India is among top emerging market issuers. SEBI's Green Bond Guidelines (2017) ensure transparency and impact reporting. [[SEBI, MoEFCC Reports]]