Science – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

Project Tiger launched on April 1, 1973, to conserve Bengal tigers and their habitats. India now has over 3,000 tigers (2022 census). Landmark conservation initiative. [[NTCA Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (e.g., methane CH₄, ethane C₂H₆). Alkenes: CₙH₂ₙ; Alkynes: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂. Foundational organic chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a unicellular fungus. It ferments sugars to produce CO₂ (leavens bread) and ethanol (in brewing). Important for applied biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

EM spectrum order (longest to shortest wavelength): Radio > Microwave > IR > Visible > UV > X-ray > Gamma. Radio waves used in communication; gamma rays in cancer treatment. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Aadhaar is a 12-digit biometric ID for Indian residents, enabling access to subsidies and services. Part of Digital India initiative for inclusive governance. [[UIDAI Reports, NCERT Computer Science]]

Adsorption releases heat (ΔH < 0) as gas molecules lose freedom on surface. Desorption is endothermic. Important for catalysis and purification processes. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone, supporting body weight and enabling movement. Critical for anatomy questions in exams. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Ohm's Law: Voltage (V) = Current (I) × Resistance (R). Valid for ohmic conductors at constant temperature. Foundation for circuit analysis. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]

Shelter belts (windbreaks) are rows of trees/shrubs that reduce wind erosion, conserve moisture, and protect crops. Part of sustainable agriculture practices. [[NCERT Geography Class 11, MoA Reports]]

Diamond is an allotrope of carbon with tetrahedral sp³ hybridization, forming a rigid 3D network. This structure gives extreme hardness. Graphite is another carbon allotrope with different properties. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Pancreatic beta cells (in Islets of Langerhans) secrete insulin, which lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake. Deficiency causes diabetes mellitus. Key physiology concept. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Candela (cd) is one of seven SI base units, measuring luminous intensity in a given direction. Lumen measures total luminous flux; lux measures illuminance. Important for photometry. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Biogas (from anaerobic digestion of organic waste) contains 50-75% methane (CH₄), a clean fuel. Promoted under GOBAR-DHAN scheme for rural energy and waste management. [[MNRE Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Calcination decomposes carbonate ores (e.g., ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂) by heating in limited air. Roasting is for sulfide ores in excess air. Key step in metal extraction. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Synapse is the junction where neurotransmitters transmit signals from one neuron to another. Essential for understanding nerve impulse transmission and brain function. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Conduction occurs via molecular collisions in solids (e.g., metal rod heating). Convection involves fluid movement; radiation uses electromagnetic waves. Basic thermodynamics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Harvested rainwater percolates into aquifers, replenishing groundwater tables. Critical for sustainable water management in water-stressed regions like India. [[CGWB Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Ozone (O₃) absorbs 97-99% of Sun's medium-frequency UV-B and UV-C rays, protecting life from DNA damage. Ozone depletion by CFCs is a major environmental concern. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, UNEP Reports]]

Nephrons filter blood, reabsorb nutrients, and produce urine. Each kidney has ~1 million nephrons. Understanding nephron structure is vital for physiology questions. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Wavelength (λ) is the spatial period of a wave. Related to frequency (f) and speed (v) by v = fλ. Fundamental for understanding sound, light, and electromagnetic waves. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]