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Which CSS property is used to control the spacing between elements' borders?
- padding
- margin
- border-spacing
- gap
Answer: margin
Margin creates space outside an element's border, separating it from neighboring elements. Padding creates space inside the border (between content and border). Border-spacing applies to table cells. Gap is used in flexbox/grid layouts. Fundamental CSS concept for web development questions.
The Linux command used to change file permissions is ________.
Answer: chmod
chmod (change mode) modifies file/directory permissions in Linux using symbolic (u+rwx) or octal (755) notation. Permissions control read (r), write (w), and execute (x) access for owner, group, and others. Critical for system security and frequently tested in technical government exams.
Which technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials?
- Solar Thermal
- Photovoltaic
- Wind Turbine
- Biomass
Answer: Photovoltaic
Photovoltaic (PV) cells use semiconductor materials (typically silicon) to convert photons from sunlight directly into electrical current via the photovoltaic effect. Solar thermal uses heat to generate steam for turbines. PV is the technology behind solar panels widely promoted under India's National Solar Mission.
Section 66A of the IT Act 2000, which dealt with offensive online messages, is currently enforceable in India.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Section 66A was struck down by the Supreme Court in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) for violating freedom of speech. It criminalized 'offensive' online content but was overly broad. Current IT Act provisions focus on cybercrime, data protection, and intermediary liability. Important for legal awareness in government exams.
Which data structure is most efficient for implementing a cache with LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy?
- Array
- Linked List
- Hash Map + Doubly Linked List
- Stack
Answer: Hash Map + Doubly Linked List
LRU cache requires O(1) access and O(1) reorder on access. Hash map provides O(1) key lookup; doubly linked list maintains usage order with O(1) move-to-front. Combined, they achieve O(1) get/put operations. Classic system design question for SSC JE and banking IT exams.
The HTML tag used to create a hyperlink is ________.
Answer: <a>
The anchor tag <a> with href attribute creates hyperlinks in HTML. Example: <a href='https://example.com'>Link</a>. Fundamental for web development basics tested in SSC and Railway exams. Other tags: <img> for images, <p> for paragraphs, <div> for containers.
In Linux, the root user has unrestricted access to all files and commands on the system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Root (superuser) in Linux has UID 0 and bypasses all permission checks, allowing full system control. This power requires careful usage to avoid security risks. Best practice: use sudo for specific administrative tasks instead of logging in as root. Critical concept for system administration questions in technical exams.
Which Linux command is used to display the current working directory?
- ls
- cd
- pwd
- dir
Answer: pwd
pwd (print working directory) displays the absolute path of the current directory in Linux/Unix systems. ls lists directory contents, cd changes directory, and dir is a Windows command. Essential for navigation and scripting in command-line environments frequently tested in SSC JE and Railway exams.
Which Indian initiative promotes responsible AI innovation through multi-stakeholder collaboration?
- Responsible AI for Social Empowerment (RAISE)
- Digital India Bhashini
- National AI Portal
- All of these
Answer: All of these
India's AI ecosystem includes: RAISE summit for global dialogue on ethical AI, Bhashini for inclusive AI in Indian languages, National AI Portal (by MeitY & NASSCOM) for resources and collaboration. Supported by research centers (C3i, T-Hub), industry partnerships, and policy frameworks. Aims to balance innovation with ethics, inclusion, and national interest.
InsurTech startups in India can directly underwrite insurance policies without IRDAI registration.
- True
- False
Answer: False
IRDAI regulations require any entity underwriting insurance policies to be a registered insurer or corporate agent. InsurTech startups typically partner with licensed insurers as technology providers, aggregators, or distribution partners. Regulatory sandbox allows testing innovations, but core risk-bearing activities remain with regulated entities to protect policyholders.
Which spectrum auction method allows bidders to bid on multiple frequency blocks simultaneously?
- Sealed Bid
- English Auction
- Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction
- Dutch Auction
Answer: Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction
SMRA (Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction) allows bidders to bid on multiple spectrum lots across bands in multiple rounds, with prices rising based on demand. Used in India's 2G/3G/4G/5G auctions. Promotes price discovery, reduces exposure risk (bidding on complementary blocks), and enhances efficiency vs sequential auctions.
The frequency at which a crystal oscillator resonates is determined by its physical ________ and cut.
Answer: dimensions
Crystal oscillators use piezoelectric quartz crystals whose resonant frequency depends on physical dimensions (thickness, shape) and crystal cut (AT, BT, SC). Thinner crystals resonate at higher frequencies. Used for precise clock generation in microcontrollers, communication systems, and digital circuits. Temperature-compensated (TCXO) and oven-controlled (OCXO) variants improve stability.
Which operator is used to access members of a structure through a pointer in C?
- .
- ->
- ::
- *
Answer: ->
Arrow operator (->) accesses structure members via pointer: ptr->member equivalent to (*ptr).member. Dot operator (.) is for direct structure variables. Understanding pointer arithmetic and memory layout is crucial for systems programming, embedded development, and technical exams. Common source of segmentation faults if misused.
The concept of 'algorithmic accountability' requires organizations to document and justify AI decision-making processes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algorithmic accountability mandates transparency in AI systems: documenting data sources, model design, testing results, and decision logic. Enables auditing, bias detection, and redressal. Supported by DPDP Act, sectoral guidelines, and global frameworks. Critical for high-stakes AI in finance, healthcare, and governance where decisions impact rights and opportunities.
Which regulatory technology (RegTech) application automates compliance reporting for financial institutions?
- Chatbots
- AML Transaction Monitoring
- Robo-Advisors
- Digital KYC
Answer: AML Transaction Monitoring
AML (Anti-Money Laundering) transaction monitoring uses AI/ML to analyze transactions in real-time, flag suspicious patterns, and generate regulatory reports (STRs). Reduces manual effort, improves detection accuracy, and ensures compliance with RBI/FIU-IND guidelines. Part of broader RegTech suite including KYC automation, risk assessment, and audit trails.
The technology that allows mobile devices to connect to internet via nearby Wi-Fi hotspots automatically is called ________ Offloading.
Answer: Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Offloading redirects mobile data traffic from cellular networks to Wi-Fi hotspots to reduce congestion and improve user experience. Implemented via ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) in 4G/5G. Benefits: cost savings for users/operators, better indoor coverage. Requires seamless authentication and handover mechanisms.
Which theorem simplifies complex linear circuits to a single voltage source and series resistance?
- Kirchhoff's Law
- Thevenin's Theorem
- Norton's Theorem
- Both B and C
Answer: Both B and C
Thevenin's Theorem: any linear circuit = voltage source (Vth) + series resistance (Rth). Norton's Theorem: equivalent = current source (In) + parallel resistance (Rn). They are duals; conversion: Vth = In × Rn. Essential for circuit analysis, load matching, and troubleshooting. Applicable to AC circuits using impedance.
In Python, lists are mutable while tuples are immutable.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Lists ([]) can be modified after creation: append, remove, change elements. Tuples (()) cannot be changed once created, making them hashable and usable as dictionary keys. Immutability provides safety for fixed data, while mutability offers flexibility for dynamic collections. Choosing appropriately improves code correctness and performance.
Which international framework provides guidelines for trustworthy AI development adopted by many countries?
- GDPR
- OECD AI Principles
- Paris Agreement
- Basel III
Answer: OECD AI Principles
OECD AI Principles (2019) provide values-based guidelines for trustworthy AI: inclusive growth, human-centered values, transparency, robustness, and accountability. Adopted by 40+ countries including India. Influences national policies, corporate governance, and international cooperation on AI. Complements technical standards from ISO/IEC and IEEE.
The RBI initiative that enables interoperable prepaid payment instruments across issuers is called ________ Wallet.
Answer: Common
Common Wallet framework (proposed by RBI) aims to enable interoperability among PPIs (wallets) so users can transact across different wallet providers seamlessly. Similar to UPI's interoperability for bank accounts. Would enhance competition, user choice, and financial inclusion. Implementation details and timeline under regulatory consultation.