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Which JavaScript method is used to select an HTML element by its ID?
- querySelector()
- getElementById()
- getElementsByClassName()
- getElementsByTagName()
Answer: getElementById()
getElementById('id') returns the element with specified ID (case-sensitive). querySelector() uses CSS selectors for more flexibility. getElementsByClassName/TagName return collections. DOM manipulation is core to interactive web development and frequently tested in programming sections of exams.
The Linux command to list all files including hidden ones is ls ________.
Answer: -a
ls -a lists all files including hidden ones (starting with .). ls -l shows detailed list; ls -h makes sizes human-readable; ls -la combines both. Hidden files store configuration data. Understanding command-line flags is fundamental for Linux administration questions in technical exams.
Which Indian initiative aims to install 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030?
- National Solar Mission
- Panchamrit Strategy
- Green Energy Corridor
- Surya Mitra
Answer: Panchamrit Strategy
Panchamrit (five nectars) announced at COP26 includes: 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030 (updated from 450 GW), 50% energy from renewables, 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction, net-zero by 2070. National Solar Mission is a component; Green Energy Corridor enables transmission; Surya Mitra trains solar technicians.
Under the IT Act 2000, intermediaries like social media platforms are liable for third-party content they host.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Section 79 of IT Act provides safe harbor to intermediaries if they: (1) only provide access, (2) don't initiate/modify transmission, (3) observe due diligence and remove content upon actual knowledge. IT Rules 2021 add grievance redressal and traceability requirements. Critical for understanding platform liability.
Which data structure uses FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle?
- Stack
- Queue
- Linked List
- Tree
Answer: Queue
Queue follows FIFO: first element added is first removed. Operations: enqueue (add rear), dequeue (remove front). Used in CPU scheduling, print spooling, breadth-first search. Stack follows LIFO. Understanding fundamental data structure behaviors is essential for programming exams.
The CSS box model consists of content, padding, border, and ________.
Answer: margin
CSS Box Model: content (actual text/image) → padding (space inside border) → border (edge around padding) → margin (space outside border). Understanding this model is crucial for layout design and responsive web development. Frequently tested in web technology sections of technical exams.
Which Linux command is used to search for a specific string within files?
- find
- grep
- locate
- search
Answer: grep
grep (global regular expression print) searches files for lines matching a pattern/string. Supports regex, recursive search, and context display. find locates files by name/path; locate uses a database; search is not a standard command. Essential for log analysis and text processing in system administration.
Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable electricity.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Green hydrogen is produced via water electrolysis powered by renewable energy (solar, wind), resulting in zero-carbon fuel. Contrasts with grey hydrogen (from fossil fuels) and blue hydrogen (fossil fuels + carbon capture). India's National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for production and export.
Which authority is designated as the data protection regulator under the DPDP Act 2023?
- CERT-In
- RBI
- Data Protection Board of India
- TRAI
Answer: Data Protection Board of India
Data Protection Board of India is an independent regulatory body established under DPDP Act 2023 to enforce provisions, adjudicate disputes, and impose penalties. CERT-In handles cybersecurity incidents; RBI regulates financial data; TRAI oversees telecom. Understanding regulatory roles is key for governance questions.
The minimum number of nodes in a binary tree of height h is ________.
Answer: h+1
Minimum nodes occur in a skewed tree (each node has only one child): height h has h+1 nodes. Maximum nodes in a perfect binary tree of height h is 2^(h+1)-1. Understanding tree properties is essential for algorithm analysis questions in technical government exams.
Which HTML5 element is used for drawing graphics via JavaScript?
- <svg>
- <canvas>
- <figure>
- <draw>
Answer: <canvas>
<canvas> provides a bitmap area for rendering graphics via JavaScript (lines, shapes, images, animations). <svg> is for vector graphics defined in XML. Both enable interactive visuals, but canvas is pixel-based and better for games/real-time rendering. Important for web development fundamentals.
In Linux, the kill command always terminates a process immediately.
- True
- False
Answer: False
kill sends signals to processes; default is SIGTERM (15) which requests graceful termination, allowing cleanup. SIGKILL (9) forces immediate termination but doesn't allow cleanup. Processes can ignore or handle signals. Understanding process signals is important for system administration questions.
Which energy storage technology is most commonly paired with solar power systems for residential use?
- Lead-acid battery
- Lithium-ion battery
- Flow battery
- Compressed air
Answer: Lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion batteries offer high energy density, long cycle life, and declining costs, making them ideal for residential solar storage. Lead-acid is cheaper but heavier with shorter lifespan. Flow batteries suit grid-scale storage. India's PLI scheme promotes domestic Li-ion cell manufacturing for energy transition.
The Indian law that specifically addresses protection of personal data is called the ________ Act 2023.
Answer: Digital Personal Data Protection
DPDP Act 2023 establishes framework for processing digital personal data, defining rights of data principals and obligations of data fiduciaries. Replaces Section 43A of IT Act 2000. Aligns with global standards while addressing India-specific needs. Critical for compliance questions in banking and UPSC exams.
Which traversal method visits the root node before its subtrees in a binary tree?
- Inorder
- Preorder
- Postorder
- Level-order
Answer: Preorder
Preorder traversal: Root → Left Subtree → Right Subtree. Inorder: Left → Root → Right (gives sorted order for BST). Postorder: Left → Right → Root. Level-order uses queue for breadth-first traversal. Tree traversals are frequently tested in SSC JE and programming exams.
JavaScript is primarily executed on the server-side in web applications.
- True
- False
Answer: False
JavaScript was designed for client-side execution in web browsers to enable interactive web pages. Server-side JavaScript (Node.js) is possible but not the primary use case. Understanding client-server architecture is fundamental for web technology questions in SSC and banking exams.
Which Linux command displays real-time system resource usage including CPU and memory?
- ps
- top
- free
- df
Answer: top
top provides dynamic real-time view of running processes, CPU usage, memory consumption, and system load. ps shows snapshot of processes; free displays memory stats; df shows disk space. Essential for system monitoring and troubleshooting in technical exams and real-world administration.
The Indian government scheme promoting electric vehicle adoption through subsidies is called ________.
Answer: FAME
FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) India scheme provides demand incentives for EVs and charging infrastructure. FAME-II (2019) focuses on electrification of public transport and shared mobility. Part of India's commitment to reduce carbon emissions and achieve net-zero by 2070.
Which section of the IT Act 2000 deals with punishment for identity theft?
- Section 66
- Section 66C
- Section 66D
- Section 67
Answer: Section 66C
Section 66C prescribes punishment (up to 3 years imprisonment + fine) for identity theft: fraudulently using another person's electronic signature, password, or unique identification feature. Section 66D covers cheating by personation using computer resources. Important for legal awareness in banking and SSC exams.
A binary search tree guarantees O(log n) search time even if elements are inserted in sorted order.
- True
- False
Answer: False
A standard BST degenerates to a linked list (O(n) search) if elements are inserted in sorted order. Balanced BSTs (AVL, Red-Black) maintain O(log n) by self-balancing after insertions/deletions. Understanding tree balancing is crucial for algorithm questions in SSC JE and banking IT exams.