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Which certification validates expertise in cybersecurity governance and risk management?
- CISM
- CRISC
- CGRC
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CISM (management), CRISC (risk), CGRC (governance) validate leadership skills for security programs. Critical for CISO and governance roles.
Saga pattern manages distributed transactions across microservices using compensating actions for rollback.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Saga breaks transactions into local steps with compensating actions for failures. Avoids distributed locks. Critical for consistency in microservices architectures.
Which database feature enables time-travel queries to access historical data states?
- Temporal Tables
- Point-in-Time Recovery
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Temporal Tables (SQL:2011) automatically track row history; PITR restores database to specific timestamp. Critical for audit, compliance, and debugging.
The protocol that enables automatic discovery of network services and devices is called ________ Discovery Protocol.
Answer: LLDP / CDP
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol, IEEE) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) enable devices to advertise identity/capabilities. Critical for network management and troubleshooting.
Which initiative provides plug-and-play infrastructure for hardware startups?
- Electronics Manufacturing Clusters
- T-Hub Hardware Lab
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
EMCs offer shared facilities for electronics manufacturing; T-Hub Hardware Lab provides prototyping equipment. Critical for deep tech startup support.
The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) aims to make government services accessible electronically to citizens.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NeGP (2006) launched Mission Mode Projects: e-District, e-Panchayat, CSCs. Foundation for Digital India's service delivery transformation.
Which regulation mandates data breach notification within specified timelines in India?
- IT Act 2000
- DPDP Act 2023
- CERT-In Directions
- All of these
Answer: All of these
IT Act Section 43A, DPDP Act, and CERT-In Direction 20 require breach reporting. Timelines vary: CERT-In mandates 6-hour reporting for certain incidents. Critical for incident response compliance.
The practice of automatically remediating security misconfigurations in cloud environments is called ________ Remediation.
Answer: Automated / Self-Healing
Automated remediation uses policies and scripts to fix misconfigurations (e.g., close public ports) without manual intervention. Critical for scalable cloud security operations.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing containerized applications and orchestration platforms?
- CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
- NIST SP 800-190
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
CIS Benchmarks provide hardening guidelines; NIST SP 800-190 covers container security lifecycle. Critical for cloud-native security questions.
The concept of 'digital twins' creates virtual replicas of physical systems for simulation and optimization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital twins combine IoT, AI, and simulation to model physical assets: factories, cities, power grids. Enables predictive maintenance and scenario testing. Critical for Industry 4.0 questions.
Which role focuses on ensuring software quality through automated testing and CI/CD?
- QA Engineer
- SDET
- DevOps Engineer
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Quality roles collaborate: QA (manual testing), SDET (test automation), DevOps (pipeline integration). Critical for agile, high-quality software delivery.
The pattern that decouples producers and consumers of messages using an intermediary is called ________ Architecture.
Answer: Publish-Subscribe / Message Queue
Pub-Sub uses brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ) for asynchronous communication, enabling scalability and resilience. Critical for event-driven and microservices architectures.
Which database optimization technique reorganizes data storage to improve query performance?
- Indexing
- Partitioning
- Clustering
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Indexing speeds lookups; partitioning splits large tables; clustering physically orders data by key. All improve query performance. Critical for database tuning questions.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses quantum physics principles to detect eavesdropping during key exchange.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD leverages no-cloning theorem and measurement disturbance to detect interception. Provides information-theoretic security for key exchange. Critical for future-proof cryptography questions.
Which program supports women entrepreneurs through mentorship and funding?
- Stree Shakti Package
- MUDRA Yojana
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Stree Shakti offers concessional loans for women; MUDRA provides microloans with focus on women entrepreneurs. Critical for inclusive entrepreneurship questions.
The platform that enables online payment of government fees and taxes is called ________.
Answer: BharatKosh / e-Payments
BharatKosh consolidates government payment gateways for fees, taxes, donations. Supports UPI, cards, netbanking. Critical for cashless governance and financial inclusion.
Which technique enables verification of identity without revealing underlying attributes?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Biometric Encryption
- Tokenization
- Anonymization
Answer: Zero-Knowledge Proofs
ZK-proofs enable proving statements (e.g., age > 18) without revealing actual data. Critical for privacy-preserving authentication and selective disclosure.
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) scanning tools detect security misconfigurations before deployment.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IaC scanners (Checkov, tfsec) analyze Terraform/CloudFormation for misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted resources. Critical for shift-left security in DevOps.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing APIs in enterprise environments?
- OWASP API Security Top 10
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
OWASP API Top 10 lists common API vulnerabilities; NIST SP 800-204 provides security guidelines for microservices APIs. Critical for API security design questions.
The international organization that develops global telecommunications standards is called International ________ Union.
Answer: Telecommunication / ITU
ITU (UN agency) develops technical standards for telecom, spectrum allocation, and digital development. India actively participates in ITU standardization processes.