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Which company operates the OneWeb satellite constellation partly owned by Indian entities?
- SpaceX
- OneWeb
- Amazon Kuiper
- Telesat
Answer: OneWeb
OneWeb (Bharti Group partnership) operates LEO constellation for global broadband, especially rural/remote areas. Competes with Starlink. Critical for digital connectivity and space commerce questions.
The Indian regional navigation satellite system providing positioning services is called ________.
Answer: NavIC
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) has 7 satellites providing positioning accuracy better than 20m over India and 1500 km surrounding area. Alternative to GPS for strategic autonomy.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations provide lower latency than geostationary satellites for internet services.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LEO satellites (~500-2000 km altitude) have lower propagation delay (~20-50ms) vs GEO (~35,786 km, ~250ms latency). Critical for real-time applications: video calls, gaming, financial trading.
The quantum phenomenon where particles remain correlated regardless of distance is called ________.
Answer: Entanglement
Quantum entanglement enables correlated states between particles, foundational for quantum teleportation, superdense coding, and quantum computing. Critical for understanding quantum information science.
Which symmetric encryption algorithm is considered quantum-resistant with larger key sizes?
- DES
- 3DES
- AES-256
- RC4
Answer: AES-256
AES-256 with 256-bit keys is considered quantum-resistant because Grover's algorithm only provides quadratic speedup, requiring doubling key size for equivalent security. DES/3DES/RC4 are broken or weak.
India's National Mission on Quantum Technologies allocates how much funding over 5 years?
- ₹1000 crore
- ₹5000 crore
- ₹8000 crore
- ₹15000 crore
Answer: ₹8000 crore
NM-QTA (2020) allocates ₹8000 crore for quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials research. Implemented by DST with IITs, IISc participation. Critical for science policy questions.
Which physical system is NOT commonly used for implementing qubits?
- Superconducting circuits
- Trapped ions
- Classical transistors
- Photonic circuits
Answer: Classical transistors
Leading qubit implementations: superconducting (IBM, Google), trapped ions (IonQ), photonic (Xanadu). Classical transistors cannot maintain quantum coherence. Critical for understanding quantum hardware landscape.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on quantum physics principles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD uses no-cloning theorem and measurement disturbance to detect eavesdropping during key exchange. Provides provable security unlike computational security of RSA/ECC. Deployed in limited networks globally.
India's #AIforAll strategy emphasizes inclusive growth across healthcare, agriculture, and education.
- True
- False
Answer: True
#AIforAll (NITI Aayog) focuses on leveraging AI for social empowerment: AI for farmers, teachers, doctors. Balances innovation with ethics, inclusion, and national interest. Critical for AI policy questions.
Which privacy technique enables AI training without accessing raw personal data?
- Differential Privacy
- Federated Learning
- Synthetic Data
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy-preserving AI: Differential Privacy adds noise to aggregates; Federated Learning trains on-device; Synthetic Data generates artificial datasets. All enable AI while protecting individual privacy.
The practice of regularly auditing AI systems for bias and performance is called AI ________.
Answer: Auditing / Assessment
AI Auditing involves systematic evaluation of models for fairness, accuracy, robustness, and compliance. Tools include bias detection frameworks, performance metrics, and third-party assessments. Critical for responsible AI deployment.
Which framework provides guidelines for trustworthy AI development adopted by India?
- OECD AI Principles
- UNESCO AI Ethics
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
India endorses OECD AI Principles (2019) and UNESCO Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021). Both emphasize human rights, transparency, accountability, and sustainability. Critical for AI governance questions.
The DPDP Act 2023 requires automated decision-making systems to provide explanations for significant decisions affecting individuals.
- True
- False
Answer: True
DPDP Act mandates transparency in automated decisions: individuals have right to explanation for decisions affecting rights, benefits, or obligations. Aligns with global standards like GDPR Article 22.
The AI approach that ensures humans can monitor and override automated decisions is called human ________.
Answer: in-the-loop
Human-in-the-loop (HITL) ensures human oversight of AI decisions, especially in high-stakes domains. Critical for accountability, error correction, and ethical compliance. Complements human-on-the-loop supervision.
Algorithmic accountability requires organizations to document and justify AI decision-making processes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Algorithmic accountability mandates transparency in AI: documenting data sources, model design, testing, and decision logic. Enables auditing, bias detection, and redressal. Supported by DPDP Act and sectoral guidelines.
Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI systems do not discriminate against protected groups?
- Transparency
- Fairness
- Accountability
- Privacy
Answer: Fairness
Fairness in AI requires systems to avoid bias based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques include bias detection metrics, diverse training data, and fairness-aware algorithms. Critical for ethical AI deployment in hiring, lending, and public services.
Which technique enables data subjects to request deletion of their personal data?
- Right to Access
- Right to Erasure
- Right to Portability
- Right to Correction
Answer: Right to Erasure
Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten) allows individuals to request deletion of personal data when no longer necessary or consent withdrawn. Critical for DPDP/GDPR compliance questions.
Cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools continuously monitor for misconfigurations and compliance violations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CSPM automates detection/remediation of cloud misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM, unencrypted data. Critical for preventing cloud breaches.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments?
- NIST IR 8259
- ETSI EN 303 645
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST IR 8259 and ETSI EN 303 645 provide IoT security baselines: secure boot, updates, data protection. Critical for IoT security architecture questions.
The initiative for global cooperation on cybersecurity capacity building is called Global Cybersecurity ________.
Answer: Forum / Index
ITU Global Cybersecurity Index assesses national cybersecurity commitment; forums facilitate knowledge sharing. India ranks high in GCI. Critical for international cybersecurity questions.