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Integrated disease surveillance under One Health monitors pathogens at the ________ interface to prevent spillover events.
- Human-Animal-Environment
- Urban-Rural
- Land-Water
- Local-Global
Answer: Human-Animal-Environment
One Health surveillance links human health, veterinary, wildlife, environmental data to detect zoonotic threats early (e.g., Nipah, avian flu). India's IDSP incorporates animal health components. [[MoHFW, MoEFCC Reports]]
True or False: Supercritical CO₂ extraction is used to obtain caffeine-free coffee and essential oils without toxic solvent residues.
- True
- False
Answer: True
scCO₂ is non-toxic, non-flammable, easily removed by depressurization. Selective extraction by tuning pressure/temperature. Widely adopted in food, pharma, cosmetics industries. Embodies green chemistry principles. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Mainstreaming climate action into sectoral policies (energy, transport, agriculture) is essential for achieving India's NDCs.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NDCs require cross-ministerial coordination: renewable targets (MNRE), EV promotion (DHI), climate-smart agriculture (MoA). NITI Aayog facilitates policy coherence. Critical for credible, implementable climate strategy. [[NITI Aayog, MoEFCC Reports]]
Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) can be produced from ________ via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- Coal
- Natural gas
- Biomass/waste
- All of these
Answer: Biomass/waste
SAF from agricultural residues, municipal waste, algae via thermochemical/biochemical routes. Drop-in fuels compatible with existing aircraft; reduce lifecycle emissions by up to 80%. India's SAF policy under development. [[MoCA, MNRE Reports]]
Effective climate communication tailors messages to audience values, using ________ to motivate action.
- Fear appeals
- Hope-based narratives
- Local examples
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Evidence-based communication: balance urgency with agency, use trusted messengers, connect to local impacts/solutions. Critical for public engagement, policy support. India's climate outreach leverages cultural narratives. [[MoEFCC, NITI Aayog Reports]]
True or False: The ABDM Health Information Exchange (HIE) uses FHIR standards for seamless data sharing among healthcare systems.
- True
- False
Answer: True
FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a global standard for exchanging electronic health records. ABDM adopts FHIR to ensure interoperability between public/private providers, labs, pharmacies. [[MoHFW, NHA Reports]]
Physical climate risk assessment evaluates hazards based on:
- Exposure of assets/population
- Vulnerability of systems
- Probability of extreme events
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Risk = Hazard × Exposure × Vulnerability. Used by businesses, governments to prioritize adaptation investments. RBI's climate risk guidelines require banks to assess portfolio exposure. [[RBI, NITI Aayog Reports]]
True or False: Chemical recycling of plastics breaks polymers into monomers or feedstocks for producing new plastics.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization convert mixed/contaminated plastics to oils, syngas, monomers. Complements mechanical recycling; enables true circularity. India's Plastic Waste Management Rules encourage advanced recycling. [[MoEFCC Guidelines]]
India contributes to the Digital Public Goods Alliance by open-sourcing platforms like ________ for global adoption.
- Aadhaar
- UPI
- CoWIN
- All of these
Answer: All of these
DPGA recognizes open-source solutions that advance SDGs. India shares CoWIN (vaccination), UPI (payments), MOSIP (identity) as digital public goods. Promotes South-South cooperation in digital transformation. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]
Edible films made from ________ proteins or polysaccharides offer biodegradable alternatives to plastic packaging.
- Synthetic
- Plant/Animal
- Petroleum-based
- Metallic
Answer: Plant/Animal
Biopolymers: zein (corn), whey (milk), chitosan (crustacean), alginate (seaweed) form edible/biodegradable films. Reduce plastic waste; challenges: mechanical strength, moisture barrier. Research at Indian food tech institutes. [[MoFPI Reports, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
AI-powered crop advisory systems use satellite imagery and weather data to provide:
- Sowing recommendations
- Pest/disease alerts
- Irrigation scheduling
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Platforms like CropIn, Fasal integrate remote sensing, IoT, ML to deliver hyperlocal advisories to farmers. Enhances productivity, resource efficiency, climate resilience. Part of Digital Agriculture Mission. [[MoA, MeitY Reports]]
India's National Climate Data Centre (NCDC) under IMD archives and disseminates ________ data for research and policy.
- Weather
- Climate
- Ocean
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NCDC maintains long-term records of temperature, rainfall, cyclones, sea surface temperature, etc. Essential for climate monitoring, attribution studies, adaptation planning. Open data policy supports scientific community. [[IMD, MoES Reports]]
True or False: Data localization requirements aim to store citizens' data within national borders to enhance privacy and regulatory control.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data localization (e.g., RBI's payment data directive, DPDP Act provisions) seeks to protect citizen data, enable law enforcement access, foster domestic cloud infrastructure. Balances innovation, security, sovereignty. [[RBI, MeitY Reports]]
Climate-resilient crop varieties are developed to tolerate:
- Drought
- Salinity
- Heat stress
- All of these
Answer: All of these
ICAR institutes develop stress-tolerant varieties (e.g., Sahbhagi dhan for drought, CSR varieties for salinity) using conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, genomics. Critical for food security under climate change. [[ICAR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: Enzymatic bio-polishing of cotton uses cellulases to remove surface fibers, reducing pilling and improving softness.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Enzyme-based textile processing replaces harsh chemicals, reduces water/energy use. Cellulases, laccases, peroxidases used for bleaching, dyeing, finishing. Aligns with sustainable fashion goals; Indian textile industry adopting green tech. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
The MOSIP (Modular Open Source Identity Platform) is an open-source solution for building ________ identity systems.
- Biometric
- Digital
- National
- All of these
Answer: All of these
MOSIP, developed by IIIT-Bengaluru, provides modular, privacy-by-design framework for digital ID. Adopted by Philippines, Morocco; India explores interoperability with Aadhaar for specific use cases. [[MeitY, NITI Aayog Reports]]
True or False: Climate litigation cases in India have invoked fundamental rights (Articles 14, 21) to demand stronger climate action.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Indian courts have recognized right to healthy environment under Article 21. Cases challenge coal projects, air pollution, coastal regulation. Judicial activism complements policy efforts for climate justice. [[MoEFCC, Supreme Court Reports]]
Edge AI deploys machine learning models directly on devices to:
- Reduce latency
- Conserve bandwidth
- Enhance privacy
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Edge AI processes data locally (smartphones, cameras, sensors), avoiding cloud dependency. Enables real-time decisions (autonomous vehicles), works offline, keeps sensitive data on-device. Critical for IoT scalability. [[MeitY Reports]]
The Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol finances projects in developing countries to cope with ________ impacts.
- Economic
- Climate
- Health
- Technological
Answer: Climate
Adaptation Fund supports concrete adaptation projects/programs: early warning systems, climate-resilient agriculture, coastal protection. India has accessed funds for community-based adaptation in vulnerable regions. [[MoEFCC, UNFCCC Reports]]
True or False: India's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) emphasizes responsible AI development with focus on inclusion, safety, and privacy.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NITI Aayog's strategy (2018) identifies healthcare, agriculture, education, infrastructure, mobility as priority sectors. Principles: safety, reliability, inclusivity, transformation, accountability. Guides public-private AI initiatives. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]