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Answer: Sustainable
Smart Cities Mission (2015) promotes area-based development with sustainable mobility, water/energy efficiency, ICT integration, and citizen participation. 100 cities selected across India. [[MoHUA Reports]]
Answer: True
AR enhances real-world view with computer-generated elements (text, 3D models) via smartphones, glasses. Applications: education, navigation, retail, industrial maintenance. Distinct from VR (fully immersive). [[MeitY Reports]]
Answer: True
Microplastics (<5 mm) originate from degraded larger plastics or microbeads. Found in oceans, soil, air, and human tissues. India banned single-use plastics (2022) to address this crisis. [[CPCB, MoEFCC Reports]]
Answer: Photons
Electroluminescence in LEDs: electron-hole recombination across bandgap emits photons (light). Energy (color) determined by semiconductor bandgap (e.g., GaAsP for red). Energy-efficient lighting. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
Answer: Application
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) uses publish-subscribe model for efficient machine-to-machine communication. Ideal for sensor networks, smart homes, industrial IoT. [[MeitY Guidelines]]
Answer: Cow dung and urine
ZBNF (Subhash Palekar) uses Jeevamrut (microbial culture), Bijamrita (seed treatment), Mulching, and Waaphasa (soil aeration) to enhance soil health and reduce costs. Promoted in several Indian states. [[MoA Reports]]
Answer: True
Ultrasound (>20 kHz) penetrates tissues; echoes create images (sonography). Also used in cleaning, NDT, pest repellents. Non-ionizing and safe for prenatal scans. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Answer: Immutability
Immutability: once data is added to a block and chained via hashes, altering it requires recalculating all subsequent blocks across the network—computationally infeasible. Core to trustless systems. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]
Answer: True
Light-dependent reactions: chlorophyll absorbs photons, excites electrons, splits water, generates ATP/NADPH. Calvin cycle uses these to fix CO₂. Foundation of life on Earth. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
Answer: True
Blue carbon ecosystems store carbon in biomass and sediments at rates higher than terrestrial forests. Conservation supports climate mitigation and coastal protection. India has significant mangrove cover. [[MoEFCC, UNEP Reports]]
Answer: True
Gut microbes train immune cells, produce vitamins (K, B12), ferment fiber to SCFAs. Dysbiosis linked to obesity, IBD, mental health. Probiotics/prebiotics modulate microbiome. [[ICMR Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
Answer: Electricity
Waste incineration burns MSW to generate steam, driving turbines for electricity. Reduces landfill volume but requires emission controls. Part of integrated waste management. [[MoEFCC Guidelines]]
Answer: True
Perovskite PV cells (hybrid organic-inorganic) offer high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility. Challenges: stability, scalability. India's National Solar Mission supports R&D in next-gen PV. [[MNRE Reports]]
Answer: Disk imaging software
Forensic imaging (e.g., FTK Imager, dd) creates exact clones preserving metadata and deleted files. Essential for legal evidence collection without altering original data. [[CERT-In Guidelines]]
Answer: Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
NAQI monitors 8 pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, NO₂, SO₂, CO, O₃, NH₃, Pb. CO₂ is a greenhouse gas but not a criteria air pollutant for NAQI. Important distinction for environmental exams. [[CPCB Guidelines]]
Answer: True
Deep learning models (e.g., CNNs) analyze medical images with accuracy comparable to specialists. India's AI for All strategy promotes such applications for affordable healthcare. [[NITI Aayog, MoHFW Reports]]
Answer: Corn starch
PLA is synthesized from lactic acid produced by fermenting corn starch/sugarcane. Degrades to CO₂ and water under composting conditions. Sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Answer: True
Circular economy contrasts linear 'take-make-dispose' model. Principles: design out waste, keep materials in use, regenerate natural systems. India's Resource Efficiency Strategy promotes this. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]
Answer: 36000
Geostationary orbit (GEO) at ~35,786 km altitude matches Earth's rotation period (24h), so satellite appears fixed. Used for TV broadcasting, weather monitoring, communication. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Physics Class 11]]
Answer: Osmotic
RO forces water through semi-permeable membrane against osmotic gradient, rejecting ions/molecules. Widely used for desalination and water purification. [[CPCB Guidelines, NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]