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Which encryption method uses a pair of public and private keys?
- Symmetric encryption
- Asymmetric encryption
- Hashing
- Steganography
Answer: Asymmetric encryption
Asymmetric (public-key) cryptography: public key encrypts, private key decrypts (e.g., RSA, ECC). Enables secure communication, digital signatures. Symmetric uses same key for both. [[CERT-In Guidelines]]
mRNA vaccines work by delivering genetic instructions for cells to produce a viral ________ protein.
- Envelope
- Spike
- Capsid
- Matrix
Answer: Spike
mRNA vaccines (e.g., COVID-19) encode the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Cells produce it, triggering immune response without live virus. Platform enables rapid vaccine development. [[ICMR, MoHFW Guidelines]]
MRI stands for Magnetic ________ Imaging.
- Resonance
- Radiation
- Reflection
- Refraction
Answer: Resonance
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to align hydrogen nuclei; resonance signals create detailed soft-tissue images. No ionizing radiation, unlike CT/X-rays. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: 6G technology is expected to operate in the terahertz (THz) frequency band.
- True
- False
Answer: True
6G (expected ~2030) aims for THz frequencies (0.1-10 THz), enabling ultra-high data rates, holographic communication, and AI-native networks. Research ongoing globally. [[TRAI, MeitY Reports]]
True or False: India's National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production by 2030.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Launched in 2023, the mission targets 5 MMT annual green hydrogen production, reducing fossil fuel dependence and carbon emissions. Supports energy security and climate goals. [[MNRE Reports, NITI Aayog]]
Which instrument is used to measure the wavelength of light?
- Microscope
- Telescope
- Spectrometer
- Polarimeter
Answer: Spectrometer
Spectrometer disperses light into spectrum to measure wavelength, intensity, and spectral lines. Essential for atomic spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and astronomy. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
CAMPA stands for Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and ________ Authority.
- Planning
- Policy
- Protection
- Preservation
Answer: Planning
CAMPA (2016) manages funds collected for diverting forest land for non-forest use. Ensures afforestation, ecosystem restoration, and tribal welfare. Critical for environmental governance. [[MoEFCC Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
True or False: LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LASER produces coherent, monochromatic, directional light via stimulated emission. Applications: surgery, communication, barcode scanners, LIDAR. Fundamental modern physics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
The One Health approach recognizes the interconnection between human health, animal health, and the ________.
- Climate
- Environment
- Economy
- Technology
Answer: Environment
One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral approach acknowledging that human, animal, and environmental health are linked. Critical for zoonotic disease prevention (e.g., COVID-19, Nipah). [[WHO, MoHFW Guidelines]]
True or False: Atom economy is a principle of green chemistry that measures the efficiency of a reaction by the fraction of reactant atoms incorporated into the final product.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Atom economy = (MW of desired product / MW of all reactants) × 100. High atom economy minimizes waste, aligning with green chemistry principles for sustainable synthesis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, MoEFCC Guidelines]]
Which device is used to amplify electrical signals?
- Diode
- Transistor
- Zener diode
- Photodiode
Answer: Transistor
Transistors (BJT/FET) amplify weak signals by controlling large output current with small input current/voltage. Foundation of modern electronics: radios, computers, smartphones. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
India's LiFE Mission stands for Lifestyle for ________.
- Environment
- Energy
- Ecology
- Earth
Answer: Environment
LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) was launched by PM Modi at COP26 (2021) to promote mindful consumption and sustainable living. It emphasizes individual actions for collective climate impact. [[MoEFCC, NITI Aayog Reports]]
ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 mission successfully landed near which lunar region?
- Lunar North Pole
- Lunar South Pole
- Mare Tranquillitatis
- Tycho Crater
Answer: Lunar South Pole
Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander touched down near the lunar south pole (69.37°S, 32.35°E) on August 23, 2023, making India the first nation to land in this scientifically significant region with potential water ice. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
The SI unit of pressure is ________.
- Newton
- Pascal
- Joule
- Watt
Answer: Pascal
Pascal (Pa) = N/m². Atmospheric pressure ≈ 101,325 Pa = 1 atm. Barometer measures pressure; manometer measures gas pressure. Essential for fluid mechanics. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ribosomes (80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes) translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Found free in cytoplasm or bound to ER. Fundamental cell biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
The Chipko Movement, aimed at forest conservation, originated in the state of ________.
- Uttarakhand
- Himachal Pradesh
- Kerala
- Karnataka
Answer: Uttarakhand
Chipko (1970s, Uttarakhand): villagers hugged trees to prevent logging. Pioneered eco-feminism and community-based conservation. Landmark environmental movement in India. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Geography Class 11]]
Urea is synthesized in the:
- Kidney
- Liver
- Lungs
- Skin
Answer: Liver
Liver converts toxic ammonia (from protein metabolism) to less toxic urea via ornithine cycle. Urea is excreted by kidneys. Key for nitrogenous waste management. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of ________.
- Nucleotides
- Amino acids
- Fatty acids
- Monosaccharides
Answer: Amino acids
Primary structure: linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Determines higher-order folding and function. Central to biochemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
Which law states that induced EMF opposes the change causing it?
- Faraday's Law
- Lenz's Law
- Ampere's Law
- Gauss's Law
Answer: Lenz's Law
Lenz's Law: direction of induced current opposes flux change (conservation of energy). Faraday's Law gives magnitude. Together they describe electromagnetic induction. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
The kinetic energy of a body is directly proportional to the square of its ________.
- Mass
- Velocity
- Momentum
- Acceleration
Answer: Velocity
KE = ½mv²: kinetic energy ∝ mass and ∝ (velocity)². Doubling speed quadruples KE. Critical for mechanics and safety calculations. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]