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Which technique enables AI models to be updated without retraining from scratch?
- Transfer Learning
- Federated Learning
- Continual Learning
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Efficient AI updates: Transfer Learning adapts pre-trained models; Federated Learning trains on-device; Continual Learning incorporates new data incrementally. Critical for adaptive, resource-efficient AI systems.
The principle of data minimization requires collecting only necessary personal information for AI training.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data minimization (DPDP Act, GDPR) limits collection to what's necessary for specified purpose. Reduces privacy risks, storage costs, and breach impact. Critical for responsible AI data practices.
Which international body sets standards for anti-money laundering in virtual asset services?
- FATF
- IMF
- World Bank
- BIS
Answer: FATF
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) sets global AML/CFT standards including Travel Rule for VASPs. Countries implement through domestic laws. Critical for cross-border crypto compliance.
The blockchain consensus mechanism that selects validators based on staked cryptocurrency is called Proof of ________.
Answer: Stake
Proof of Stake selects block validators proportional to staked coins, reducing energy consumption vs Proof of Work. Used by Ethereum, Cardano, Solana. Critical for understanding crypto sustainability.
Which CBDC benefit enables programmable welfare payments with usage restrictions?
- Faster Settlement
- Lower Costs
- Conditional Transfers
- All of these
Answer: Conditional Transfers
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
India's crypto regulatory framework is fully comprehensive and finalized as of 2026.
- True
- False
Answer: False
India's crypto regulation is evolving: taxation (115BBH), AML (FIU registration), but comprehensive legislation pending. RBI, SEBI, MeitY coordinate on policy. Critical for understanding regulatory uncertainty.
The CBDC feature that allows transactions without internet connectivity is called ________ Mode.
Answer: Offline
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware (SE, TEE) to enable limited transactions without network. Critical for rural inclusion, disaster resilience, and areas with poor connectivity. Requires careful security design.
Which Indian authority monitors suspicious cryptocurrency transactions for money laundering?
- RBI
- SEBI
- FIU-IND
- CERT-In
Answer: FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) receives, analyzes, and disseminates financial intelligence including crypto transactions. VASPs must register and report suspicious activities under PMLA.
Retail CBDC (e₹-R) transactions can be conducted via QR codes and mobile wallets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹-R pilot supports P2P and P2M transactions via QR codes, mobile apps, and offline mode. Integrates with existing payment infrastructure for seamless user experience. Critical for digital payment evolution.
Which technology enables precision agriculture to reduce fertilizer use and emissions?
- IoT Sensors
- Satellite Imagery
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Precision agriculture combines IoT soil sensors, satellite/drone imagery, and AI analytics to optimize input application. Reduces fertilizer overuse (N2O emissions) while maintaining yields. Critical for sustainable farming.
The practice of consolidating multiple servers into fewer physical machines using virtualization is called Server ________.
Answer: Consolidation
Server consolidation via virtualization reduces hardware, power, cooling requirements. Improves utilization from 10-15% to 60-80%. Critical for data center efficiency and cost reduction.
Which mechanism allows developing countries to earn carbon credits for emission reduction projects?
- Clean Development Mechanism
- Joint Implementation
- Emissions Trading
- All of these
Answer: Clean Development Mechanism
CDM (Kyoto Protocol) enabled developed countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing nations, earning Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Evolving under Paris Agreement Article 6.
Carbon removal technologies like DAC and BECCS are essential for achieving net-zero emissions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Net-zero requires balancing residual emissions with carbon removal: DAC (direct air capture), BECCS (bioenergy with CCS), enhanced weathering. Critical for hard-to-abate sectors and historical emissions.
Which international initiative promotes peaceful lunar exploration and resource utilization?
- Artemis Accords
- Moon Treaty
- Outer Space Treaty
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Artemis Accords (2020) establish principles for lunar cooperation; Outer Space Treaty (1967) provides foundational law; Moon Agreement (1979) addresses resources (limited ratification). India signed Artemis Accords.
The phenomenon where satellite signals are weakened by rain is called ________ Attenuation.
Answer: Rain
Rain attenuation affects Ka/Ku-band satellite signals, requiring adaptive coding, power control, and ground station diversity for reliable service. Critical for satellite network design and QoS planning.
Which ISRO technology demonstrator tested autonomous landing of a reusable launch vehicle?
- RLV-TD HEX01
- RLV LEX
- AVM
- Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
RLV-TD program includes HEX01 (hypersonic flight, 2016) and LEX (Landing Experiment, 2023) demonstrating autonomous landing of winged body. Critical for cost-effective access to space.
Which quantum application enables secure communication by detecting eavesdropping attempts?
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Key Distribution
- Quantum Sensing
- Quantum Simulation
Answer: Quantum Key Distribution
QKD uses quantum properties (no-cloning, measurement disturbance) to detect interception during key exchange. Provides information-theoretic security for encryption keys. Deployed in limited networks globally.
The document that summarizes an AI system's capabilities, limitations, and ethical considerations is called a ________ Card.
Answer: Model
Model Cards provide standardized documentation: intended use, training data characteristics, performance metrics across groups, ethical considerations. Enable informed deployment decisions and accountability.
Which practice ensures AI training data represents diverse populations to avoid bias?
- Data Augmentation
- Representative Sampling
- Bias Auditing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Fair AI requires: representative datasets covering demographics, augmentation to address underrepresentation, and continuous bias auditing. Critical for equitable AI in hiring, lending, healthcare.
Explainable AI (XAI) techniques help non-technical users understand model predictions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
XAI methods (LIME, SHAP, attention visualization) provide interpretable explanations for AI decisions. Critical for trust, debugging, regulatory compliance, and user acceptance in high-stakes applications.