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Network segmentation limits blast radius of security incidents in Zero Trust architectures.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Micro-segmentation creates granular security zones, containing breaches and limiting attacker movement.
The principle of data minimization requires collecting only necessary personal information for specified purposes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data minimization limits collection to what's necessary for specified purpose. Reduces privacy risks, storage costs, breach impact.
Defensive distillation smooths model outputs to reduce sensitivity to adversarial perturbations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Defensive distillation trains a student model to mimic a teacher's softened outputs, reducing gradient magnitudes and adversarial vulnerability.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is critical for enforcing least privilege in Zero Trust architectures.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IAM systems manage user identities, authentication, authorization. Critical for implementing least privilege access controls in Zero Trust.
Which Indian initiative enables public Wi-Fi hotspots via PDOs for rural connectivity?
- BharatNet
- PM-WANI
- Digital Sky
- OneWeb India
Answer: PM-WANI
PM-WANI enables public Wi-Fi hotspots via Public Data Offices using satellite/fiber backhaul. Aims to provide affordable internet in rural/remote areas.
The Indian mission designed to study the Sun's corona from the L1 point is called ________-L1.
Answer: Aditya
Aditya-L1 positioned at Sun-Earth L1 point for uninterrupted solar observation. Studies coronal heating, CMEs, solar flares for space weather forecasting.
India's semiconductor mission aims to establish domestic fabrication capabilities for strategic autonomy.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India Semiconductor Mission implements ₹76,000 crore incentive scheme for fabs, display fabs, ATMP, design. Partnerships with global players announced.
The computing paradigm that uses biochemical reactions for parallel computation is called ________ Computing.
Answer: Molecular / Biochemical
Molecular computing uses DNA, proteins, or cellular processes for massive parallelism. Research stage with potential for ultra-low power, complex problem solving.
Quantum error correction requires multiple physical qubits to encode a single logical qubit.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QEC codes (surface code, Shor code) encode logical qubits across many physical qubits to detect/correct errors. Critical for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Which physical system is commonly used for implementing qubits in quantum computers?
- Superconducting circuits
- Trapped ions
- Photonic circuits
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Leading qubit implementations: superconducting (IBM, Google), trapped ions (IonQ), photonic (Xanadu). Each has trade-offs in coherence, scalability, error rates.
India's National Mission on Quantum Technologies allocates ₹________ crore over 5 years.
Answer: 8000
NM-QTA funds quantum computing, communication, sensing, materials research. Implemented by DST with IITs, IISc participation.
The Right to Data Portability allows individuals to receive their personal data in a structured, commonly used format.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Right to Portability (GDPR Article 20) enables individuals to obtain and reuse personal data across services. Promotes competition and user control.
Which regulation requires data breach notification within 72 hours in the EU?
- GDPR
- ePrivacy Directive
- NIS Directive
- All of these
Answer: GDPR
GDPR Article 33 requires breach notification to supervisory authority within 72 hours of awareness. Critical for incident response compliance.
The principle that requires using personal data only for specified, explicit purposes is called ________ Limitation.
Answer: Purpose
Purpose Limitation prevents function creep by ensuring data is used only as consented. Core principle in GDPR, DPDP Act, and global privacy frameworks.
Membership inference attacks determine whether specific individuals were in a model's training dataset.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Membership inference exploits model confidence to infer training data membership. Mitigation: differential privacy, regularization, output perturbation.
Which attack manipulates training data to cause targeted misclassifications during inference?
- Data Poisoning
- Backdoor Attack
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Data poisoning injects malicious samples; backdoor attacks embed triggers that activate misclassification. Both compromise model integrity during training.
The technique that smooths model predictions by adding noise to inputs during inference is called ________ Smoothing.
Answer: Randomized
Randomized smoothing provides certified robustness guarantees against adversarial perturbations by averaging predictions over noisy inputs.
Runtime security monitoring detects anomalous behavior in running containers and Kubernetes workloads.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Runtime security (Falco, Tetragon) monitors system calls, network activity, file access in real-time to detect threats in containerized environments.
Which Kubernetes security feature restricts pod capabilities to prevent privilege escalation?
- Security Context
- Pod Security Standards
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Security Context defines pod/container privileges; Pod Security Standards enforce baseline/restricted policies. Both critical for container security.
The practice of scanning Infrastructure as Code templates for security misconfigurations is called ________ Scanning.
Answer: IaC / Infrastructure as Code
IaC scanning (Checkov, tfsec) analyzes Terraform/CloudFormation for misconfigurations before deployment. Critical for shift-left security in DevOps.