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Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) implements Zero Trust by hiding infrastructure until authentication is complete.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SDP creates dynamic, identity-based perimeters: resources invisible until user/device authenticated and authorized. Critical for reducing attack surface.
Which technology enables continuous authentication by analyzing user behavior patterns?
- Behavioral Biometrics
- Adaptive Authentication
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Behavioral biometrics analyzes typing, mouse movements; adaptive authentication adjusts requirements based on risk. Both enable continuous verification in Zero Trust.
The framework that provides guidelines for implementing Zero Trust Architecture is called NIST SP ________.
Answer: 800-207
NIST SP 800-207 provides comprehensive Zero Trust guidance: identity verification, device trust, network segmentation, continuous monitoring.
The Digital India Act proposal includes provisions for regulating algorithmic transparency and platform accountability.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital India Act aims to address: platform accountability, user rights, emerging tech governance, algorithmic transparency. Complements DPDP Act and IT Rules.
Which Indian initiative aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030?
- National Solar Mission
- Panchamrit Strategy
- Green Energy Corridor
- All of these
Answer: Panchamrit Strategy
Panchamrit (five nectars) announced at COP26 includes: 500 GW non-fossil capacity, 50% energy from renewables, 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction, net-zero by 2070.
The Indian mission that successfully landed near the Moon's south pole in 2023 is called ________-3.
Answer: Chandrayaan
Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander and Pragyan rover analyzed lunar soil near south pole, searching for water ice and studying surface composition.
India's UPI system processed over 10 billion transactions monthly in 2026, making it the world's largest real-time payment system.
- True
- False
Answer: True
UPI's success driven by interoperability, zero MDR, and innovation. Inspired similar systems globally: Singapore PayNow, UAE, France discussions.
Which brain-inspired feature enables neuromorphic chips to achieve ultra-low power consumption?
- Spiking Neurons
- Event-Driven Computation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Neuromorphic chips use spiking neurons that fire only when needed, and event-driven computation that processes only changes. Critical for edge AI with tight power budgets.
The technology that encodes digital information into synthetic DNA strands for storage is called ________ Storage.
Answer: DNA / Molecular
DNA data storage offers extreme density (exabytes/gram) and longevity (thousands of years). Research ongoing at IITs and global labs for archival applications.
Quantum Key Distribution provides information-theoretic security based on quantum physics principles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD uses no-cloning theorem and measurement disturbance to detect eavesdropping. Provides provable security unlike computational security of classical cryptography.
Which quantum algorithm provides exponential speedup for factoring large integers?
- Grover's Algorithm
- Shor's Algorithm
- Quantum Phase Estimation
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Shor's Algorithm
Shor's Algorithm factors integers in polynomial time on quantum computers, threatening RSA encryption. Requires fault-tolerant quantum computers not yet available at scale.
The Indian law that governs processing of digital personal data is called the ________ Act 2023.
Answer: Digital Personal Data Protection / DPDP
DPDP Act 2023 establishes framework for processing digital personal data in India, with rights for data principals and obligations for data fiduciaries.
The Right to be Forgotten allows individuals to request deletion of their personal data under GDPR.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Right to Erasure (Article 17 GDPR) allows individuals to request deletion when data is no longer necessary, consent withdrawn, or processing unlawful. Critical privacy right.
Which regulation requires explicit consent for processing sensitive personal data in the EU?
- GDPR
- ePrivacy Directive
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
GDPR requires explicit consent for special category data; ePrivacy Directive covers electronic communications. Both emphasize user control and transparency in data processing.
The technique that adds calibrated noise to model gradients during training to provide privacy guarantees is called ________-SGD.
Answer: Differential Privacy / DP
DP-SGD adds noise to gradients during training, providing mathematical privacy guarantees. Critical for training ML models on sensitive data while preventing membership inference.
Model inversion attacks can reconstruct sensitive training data from model predictions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Model inversion exploits model confidence scores to infer sensitive attributes of training data. Mitigation: differential privacy, output perturbation, access controls.
Which defense technique trains ML models with adversarial examples to improve robustness?
- Adversarial Training
- Defensive Distillation
- Randomized Smoothing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Adversarial defenses: adversarial training includes perturbed examples, defensive distillation smooths outputs, randomized smoothing adds noise. All improve robustness against adversarial attacks.
The practice of scanning container images for vulnerabilities before deployment is called ________ Scanning.
Answer: Container / Image
Container image scanning identifies known vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and secrets in images before deployment. Critical for secure CI/CD pipelines in cloud-native environments.
Service mesh provides mutual TLS encryption for service-to-service communication in microservices.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Service mesh (Istio, Linkerd) automatically encrypts service-to-service traffic with mTLS, provides authentication, authorization, and observability without application code changes.
Which Kubernetes security practice restricts pod capabilities to minimize attack surface?
- Pod Security Policies
- Network Policies
- Resource Limits
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Kubernetes security: Pod Security Policies restrict privileges, Network Policies control traffic, Resource Limits prevent DoS. Combined for defense-in-depth in container environments.