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Which practice reduces cloud computing carbon footprint by selecting renewable-powered regions?
- Green Cloud Selection
- Carbon-Aware Scheduling
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Green cloud strategies: choose regions with high renewable energy mix, schedule workloads when grid is cleanest. Tools: Cloud Carbon Footprint, AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool. Critical for sustainable IT operations.
Voluntary carbon markets allow corporations to purchase offsets for ESG commitments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Voluntary markets enable companies to buy carbon credits for net-zero pledges, beyond regulatory requirements. Quality concerns: additionality, permanence, double counting. Standards: Verra, Gold Standard ensure integrity.
Which technology enables precision irrigation to reduce water consumption in agriculture?
- Drip Irrigation
- Soil Moisture Sensors
- AI-based Scheduling
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Precision irrigation combines: drip systems for targeted delivery, IoT sensors for real-time soil data, AI for optimal scheduling. Reduces water use by 30-60% while maintaining yields. Critical for water-stressed regions.
The international agreement establishing principles for lunar exploration signed by India is called ________ Accords.
Answer: Artemis
Artemis Accords (2020) establish principles for peaceful, transparent lunar cooperation: interoperability, emergency assistance, resource utilization. India signed in 2023, aligning with space diplomacy goals.
Inter-satellite laser links enable data routing between LEO satellites without ground stations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Optical inter-satellite links create space-based backbone, reducing ground infrastructure needs and latency. Used in Starlink, OneWeb constellations. Critical for global broadband coverage and resilience.
Which ISRO center develops satellite communication payloads?
- VSSC
- URSC
- SAC
- LPSC
Answer: SAC
Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad, develops communication, remote sensing, and navigation payloads for ISRO satellites. Critical for satellite technology indigenization and application development.
The cryptographic technique enabling verification of transactions without revealing sender/receiver is called Zero-________ Proofs.
Answer: Knowledge
Zero-Knowledge Proofs enable proving transaction validity without revealing parties or amounts. Critical for privacy-preserving CBDC and crypto systems while maintaining auditability for regulators.
Which Indian authority oversees securities-like crypto tokens?
- RBI
- SEBI
- IRDAI
- PFRDA
Answer: SEBI
SEBI regulates crypto assets classified as securities (security tokens, certain NFTs). Framework evolving to address tokenization of real-world assets, investor protection, and market integrity.
Retail CBDC can coexist with commercial bank deposits without causing disintermediation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CBDC design can include holding limits, tiered remuneration, and intermediation models to preserve bank deposit role. Critical for financial stability while enabling digital payment innovation.
Which technology enables confidential transactions by hiding amounts while proving validity?
- Ring Signatures
- Bulletproofs
- Confidential Transactions
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy techniques: Ring signatures obscure sender; Bulletproofs provide efficient range proofs; Confidential Transactions hide amounts using Pedersen commitments. Balance privacy with regulatory auditability.
The FATF recommendation requiring VASPs to share transaction originator/beneficiary information is called the ________ Rule.
Answer: Travel
Travel Rule (FATF Recommendation 16) requires VASPs to transmit sender/receiver information for crypto transactions above threshold. Implemented via protocols like IVMS101. Critical for cross-border AML compliance.
Stablecoins maintain value parity through reserves, algorithms, or hybrid mechanisms.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Stablecoin types: fiat-collateralized (USDC), crypto-collateralized (DAI), algorithmic (failed Terra). Regulatory focus: reserve transparency, redemption rights, systemic risk mitigation. Critical for crypto ecosystem understanding.
Which Indian law requires Virtual Asset Service Providers to register with FIU-IND?
- IT Act 2000
- PMLA
- DPDP Act
- SEBI Act
Answer: PMLA
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) amended to include VASPs as reporting entities. Requires KYC, transaction monitoring, and suspicious activity reporting. Critical for crypto compliance framework.
The pilot phase of India's wholesale CBDC focuses on ________ market settlements.
Answer: Government Securities / G-Sec
e₹-W pilot tests real-time gross settlement of government securities transactions between banks and financial institutions. Aims to improve efficiency, reduce counterparty risk, and enable new financial products.
Which CBDC design enables transactions without revealing user identity to merchants?
- Account-based
- Token-based with Privacy
- Hybrid
- All of these
Answer: Token-based with Privacy
Token-based CBDC with privacy features (blind signatures, ZK-proofs) enables pseudonymous transactions while maintaining central bank oversight. Balances privacy with AML/CFT compliance requirements.
Edge computing can reduce overall energy consumption by processing data closer to source.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Edge computing reduces data transmission to cloud, lowering network energy use. Local processing enables real-time decisions with lower latency. Trade-off: managing distributed infrastructure complexity.
The technology that converts CO2 into useful products like fuels or chemicals is called Carbon ________.
Answer: Utilization / CCU
CCU (Carbon Capture and Utilization) transforms captured CO2 into products: synthetic fuels, plastics, concrete, chemicals. Creates economic value while reducing emissions. India researching CCU pathways under climate innovation.
Which data center cooling technology uses outside air to reduce mechanical cooling needs?
- Chilled Water
- Free Air Cooling
- Liquid Immersion
- Evaporative Cooling
Answer: Free Air Cooling
Free air cooling uses filtered outside air when ambient conditions permit, reducing chiller usage by 30-70%. Implemented in Google, Facebook data centers. Critical for PUE improvement and operational cost reduction.
Article 6.4 of Paris Agreement establishes a centralized mechanism for international carbon trading.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Article 6.4 creates UN-supervised mechanism for trading emission reductions between countries, replacing CDM. Aims to ensure environmental integrity, avoid double counting, and support sustainable development.
Which renewable energy technology has seen fastest cost decline globally in past decade?
- Solar PV
- Wind Power
- Hydropower
- Geothermal
Answer: Solar PV
Solar PV costs declined ~90% (2010-2020) due to manufacturing scale, technology improvements, and supply chain optimization. Now cheapest electricity source in many regions. India targets 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030.