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Which CBDC feature enables conditional welfare payments with usage restrictions?
- Smart Contracts
- Programmable Money
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
Renewable energy procurement can significantly reduce data center carbon footprint.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data centers can purchase renewable energy via PPAs, RECs, or on-site generation. Combined with efficiency measures, enables net-zero operations. Critical for corporate climate commitments.
Which mechanism ensures carbon credits represent permanent emission reductions?
- Buffer Pools
- Insurance Mechanisms
- Long-term Monitoring
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Permanence safeguards: buffer pools set aside credits for reversals; insurance covers unexpected losses; monitoring verifies long-term storage. Critical for credible carbon offset markets.
The technology that uses satellite data to monitor deforestation and forest degradation is called ________ Monitoring.
Answer: Forest / REDD+
Satellite-based forest monitoring (Sentinel, Landsat) enables near-real-time detection of deforestation, supporting REDD+ programs and climate reporting. Critical for environmental governance.
Which practice reduces software energy consumption by optimizing code execution?
- Algorithm Efficiency
- Resource Management
- Caching Strategies
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Energy-efficient software: optimized algorithms reduce computational complexity; resource management minimizes idle time; caching avoids redundant processing. Critical for sustainable application development.
Article 6.2 of Paris Agreement enables bilateral trading of emission reductions between countries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Article 6.2 allows countries to cooperate through internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs), with corresponding adjustments to avoid double counting. Critical for flexible climate action.
Which technology enables carbon-negative concrete by sequestering CO2 during curing?
- Mineral Carbonation
- Bio-based Aggregates
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Carbon-negative concrete: mineral carbonation captures CO2 in cement; bio-based aggregates (hemp, mycelium) store carbon. Critical for decarbonizing construction, major emission source.
The international framework for coordinating lunar activities and preventing conflicts is called ________ Governance.
Answer: Lunar / Space
Lunar governance involves: Outer Space Treaty principles, Artemis Accords cooperation, UN COPUOS guidelines. Aims to ensure peaceful, sustainable exploration and resource utilization.
Which technology enables dynamic beam forming for targeted satellite coverage?
- Phased Array Antennas
- Digital Beamforming
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Phased array antennas with digital beamforming steer signals electronically without moving parts. Enables adaptive coverage, interference mitigation, and capacity optimization for satellite broadband.
Small satellite launch vehicles like SSLV enable cost-effective access to space for dedicated missions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SSLV (ISRO) and similar small launchers provide dedicated launches for mini/micro satellites, reducing cost and schedule uncertainty vs rideshare. Critical for responsive space access and innovation.
Which CBDC design enables interoperability with existing payment systems?
- API-Based Integration
- Common Standards
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
CBDC interoperability: APIs enable integration with UPI, cards, wallets; common standards (ISO 20022) ensure seamless data exchange. Critical for user adoption and payment ecosystem evolution.
The international standard for crypto asset service provider registration is developed by ________.
Answer: FATF / Financial Action Task Force
FATF sets global AML/CFT standards for VASPs: registration, KYC, Travel Rule compliance. Countries implement through domestic laws. Critical for cross-border crypto regulatory alignment.
Which CBDC benefit enables financial inclusion for unbanked populations?
- Offline Capability
- Low-Cost Transactions
- Simplified Onboarding
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CBDC inclusion features: offline mode for connectivity-challenged areas, low transaction costs vs traditional banking, simplified KYC for basic accounts. Critical for expanding financial access.
Which technology enables confidential CBDC transactions while allowing regulatory audit?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Secure Multi-Party Computation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy-enhancing technologies: ZK-proofs verify without revealing data; homomorphic encryption enables computation on ciphertext; SMPC allows joint processing. Balance privacy with regulatory oversight.
The CBDC feature that allows transactions to be reversed under specific conditions is called ________ Capability.
Answer: Reversibility / Recoverability
Controlled reversibility enables transaction reversal for fraud, error, or legal orders while preserving finality for legitimate transactions. Critical for consumer protection and regulatory compliance.
Wholesale CBDC can enable real-time gross settlement of interbank transactions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹-W enables instant, final settlement between banks and financial institutions, reducing counterparty risk and liquidity needs. Critical for payment system modernization and financial stability.
Which Indian provision requires crypto exchanges to maintain records for 5 years?
- PMLA Rules
- IT Act
- SEBI Guidelines
- RBI Directions
Answer: PMLA Rules
PMLA rules require VASPs to maintain KYC records, transaction logs, and audit trails for 5 years. Enables regulatory oversight, investigation, and compliance verification. Critical for operational requirements.
The CBDC architecture that combines centralized control with distributed validation is called ________ Ledger.
Answer: Permissioned Distributed / Hybrid
Hybrid ledger: central bank controls issuance/monetary policy, distributed nodes validate transactions. Balances sovereignty, resilience, and performance for national digital currency systems.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic compliance with transaction limits and reporting?
- Programmable Rules
- Smart Contracts
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC with embedded rules can enforce AML limits, reporting thresholds, and policy conditions automatically. Enhances compliance efficiency while requiring careful privacy design.
Liquid cooling systems for data centers can achieve higher energy efficiency than air cooling.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Liquid cooling (direct-to-chip, immersion) removes heat more efficiently than air, enabling higher server density and lower PUE. Critical for high-performance computing and sustainable data center design.