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Which certification validates expertise in artificial intelligence and machine learning engineering?
- Google Professional ML Engineer
- AWS ML Specialty
- Microsoft Azure AI Engineer
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Cloud AI certifications validate skills in model development, deployment, MLOps. Critical for AI/ML roles in growing Indian tech sector.
Strangler Fig pattern enables gradual migration from monolithic to microservices architecture.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Strangler Fig incrementally replaces monolith features with microservices behind API gateway. Reduces risk vs big-bang rewrite. Critical for legacy modernization questions.
Which database feature enables automatic detection and correction of data inconsistencies?
- Constraints
- Triggers
- Data Quality Rules
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Constraints enforce rules; triggers automate actions; DQ rules validate/clean data. Combined for data integrity. Critical for reliable analytics and compliance.
The protocol that enables secure remote access to network devices is called ________.
Answer: SSH
SSH (Secure Shell) encrypts remote command execution and file transfer, replacing insecure Telnet. Critical for secure network administration.
Which initiative supports deep tech startups in strategic sectors like defense and space?
- iDEX
- IN-SPACe
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
iDEX (Defence) and IN-SPACe (Space) provide funding, mentorship, and market access for startups in strategic domains. Critical for defense/space innovation questions.
The e-Taal portal provides real-time statistics on e-governance transactions across government departments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Taal (Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis Layer) aggregates transaction data from government portals for monitoring and decision-making. Critical for digital governance analytics.
Which principle requires organizations to be transparent about data processing activities?
- Lawfulness
- Transparency
- Accountability
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy principles: Lawfulness (legal basis), Transparency (clear communication), Accountability (demonstrate compliance). Core to DPDP/GDPR. Critical for privacy governance questions.
The practice of defining security policies as code for automated enforcement is called Security as ________.
Answer: Code / Policy as Code
Security as Code (Open Policy Agent, AWS Config Rules) defines policies in declarative code, enabling version control, testing, and automated enforcement. Critical for scalable security governance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing DevOps pipelines and CI/CD processes?
- DevSecOps Framework
- NIST SP 800-204
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
DevSecOps integrates security into CI/CD: SAST, DAST, dependency scanning. NIST SP 800-204 covers microservices security including pipelines. Critical for secure software delivery.
The concept of 'frugal innovation' develops affordable, accessible solutions for resource-constrained environments.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Frugal innovation (Jugaad) emphasizes simplicity, affordability, and sustainability. India's strength in healthcare, agriculture, and fintech. Critical for inclusive development questions.
Which role focuses on optimizing cloud costs and resource utilization?
- Cloud FinOps Engineer
- DevOps Engineer
- Solutions Architect
- All of these
Answer: All of these
FinOps specializes in cloud cost management; DevOps/Solutions roles include cost optimization. Critical for efficient cloud operations in cost-conscious environments.
The pattern that isolates external system interactions for testability is called ________ Pattern.
Answer: Adapter / Anti-Corruption Layer
Adapter/ACL patterns wrap external APIs, translating between internal models and external interfaces. Critical for maintainable integrations and testing.
Which database feature enables automatic scaling of read operations across replicas?
- Read Replicas
- Sharding
- Caching
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Read replicas offload queries; sharding distributes load; caching reduces database hits. Combined for scalable read-heavy workloads.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) reduces dependency on proprietary hardware by running network functions as software.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NFV virtualizes firewalls, load balancers, routers on commodity servers. Enables agility, cost reduction, and innovation. Critical for telecom modernization questions.
Which program supports rural innovation through technology and entrepreneurship?
- Village Entrepreneurship Program
- Digital Village Initiative
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programs under Digital India promote rural startups: CSCs for service delivery, agri-tech incubators. Critical for inclusive innovation questions.
The platform that enables online verification of educational certificates is called ________.
Answer: Academic Bank of Credits / DigiLocker
ABC stores academic credits digitally; DigiLocker stores certificates. Both enable instant verification for admissions, jobs, reducing fraud.
Which technique enables data minimization by collecting only necessary personal information?
- Purpose Limitation
- Data Minimization
- Storage Limitation
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Privacy principles: Purpose Limitation (collect for specified purpose), Data Minimization (only necessary data), Storage Limitation (retain no longer than needed). Core to DPDP/GDPR compliance.
Secrets management tools securely store and rotate credentials, API keys, and certificates.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Secrets managers (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager) encrypt, access-control, and auto-rotate secrets. Critical for preventing credential leaks and compliance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing software supply chains?
- NIST SP 800-161
- SLSA Framework
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST SP 800-161 covers supply chain risk; SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts) defines integrity levels for build processes. Critical for secure software delivery questions.
The initiative for global cooperation on AI safety and governance is called Global Partnership on ________.
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / GPAI
GPAI (founded 2020) brings together experts for responsible AI development: research, policy, best practices. India is founding member. Critical for international AI governance questions.