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Positional encodings enable Transformers to understand token order in sequences.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Positional encodings add sequence order information to token embeddings, critical for language understanding tasks.
Which component enables Transformers to focus on relevant parts of input sequences?
- Attention Mechanism
- Feed-Forward Networks
- Positional Encoding
- Layer Normalization
Answer: Attention Mechanism
Self-attention computes weighted relationships between tokens, enabling context-aware processing. Foundation of Transformer success.
Which metadata management practice enables data discovery and governance in data lakes?
- Data Catalog
- Data Lineage
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Data catalogs enable discovery; data lineage tracks data flow and transformations. Both critical for data governance.
The technique of processing data at the edge to reduce latency is called ________ Computing.
Answer: Edge
Edge computing processes data near source, reducing round-trip latency to cloud. Critical for IoT, autonomous vehicles.
Complex Event Processing (CEP) enables real-time pattern detection in streaming data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CEP engines detect complex patterns, correlations, and sequences in real-time streams. Critical for fraud detection, monitoring.
Which technology enables distributed messaging with high throughput and durability?
- Apache Kafka
- RabbitMQ
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Kafka excels at high-throughput event streaming; RabbitMQ at flexible routing. Both enable event-driven architectures.
Which technique analyzes malware behavior in isolated environments?
- Static Analysis
- Dynamic Analysis
- Sandboxing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Malware analysis combines: static (code inspection), dynamic (runtime behavior), sandboxing (isolated execution).
Which service provides managed secrets management for cloud applications?
- AWS Secrets Manager
- Azure Key Vault
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Managed secrets managers store, rotate, and control access to credentials, API keys, certificates. Critical for secure cloud applications.
The practice of continuously monitoring user and entity behavior for anomalies is called ________ Analytics.
Answer: UEBA / User and Entity Behavior
UEBA uses ML to establish behavioral baselines and detect anomalies indicating compromised accounts or insider threats.
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is critical for enforcing least privilege in Zero Trust.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IAM systems manage user identities, authentication, authorization. Critical for implementing least privilege access controls.
Which technology enables continuous verification of device health in Zero Trust?
- Endpoint Detection and Response
- Device Posture Assessment
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
EDR monitors endpoint behavior; device posture assesses security configuration. Both enable continuous verification in Zero Trust.
Which Indian initiative provides a unified interface for citizens to access government services?
- UMANG
- MyGov
- DigiLocker
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Digital India ecosystem: UMANG for service delivery, MyGov for citizen engagement, DigiLocker for documents.
India achieved one of the world's fastest 5G rollouts, covering 300+ cities within 18 months.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India's rapid 5G deployment driven by competitive telecom operators, government policy support, indigenous technology development.
The technique that enables LLMs to execute code or use external tools for complex tasks is called ________ Calling.
Answer: Function
Function calling enables LLMs to invoke APIs, run code, query databases for tasks beyond text generation.
Which architecture forms the foundation of modern Large Language Models?
- CNN
- RNN
- Transformer
- LSTM
Answer: Transformer
Transformer architecture uses self-attention mechanisms to process sequences in parallel, enabling scaling to billions of parameters.
Which storage format is optimized for analytics workloads with columnar access?
- CSV
- JSON
- Parquet
- Avro
Answer: Parquet
Parquet is columnar storage format optimized for analytics: efficient compression, predicate pushdown, schema evolution.
The pattern of processing data as it arrives rather than in batches is called ________ Processing.
Answer: Stream
Stream processing handles continuous data flows for real-time insights: fraud detection, monitoring, personalization.
Which technology enables distributed stream processing with exactly-once semantics?
- Apache Kafka
- Apache Flink
- Apache Spark Streaming
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Kafka (messaging), Flink (stream processing), Spark Streaming (micro-batch) enable real-time analytics with varying consistency guarantees.
The process of proactively searching for threats that evade automated detection is called Threat ________.
Answer: Hunting
Threat hunting uses hypotheses, analytics, and analyst expertise to find hidden adversaries. Complements automated detection.
Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) include malicious IPs, domains, and file hashes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IOCs are forensic artifacts indicating potential breaches. Used for proactive blocking, hunting, and incident response.