GK Questions

Filter by category, type, and difficulty. Reading is open for everyone.

Showing 3481–3500 of 3806 questions
polity medium fill_blank

The Supreme Court has evolved Article 14 (equality before law) from formal equality (treating likes alike) to substantive equality (addressing historical disadvantages through affirmative action) through cases like ______ (1992) upholding OBC reservations with creamy layer exclusion.

  1. Kesavananda Bharati
  2. Indra Sawhney
  3. Minerva Mills
  4. SR Bommai
polity medium true_false

Civil society organizations play a critical role in rights expansion by filing PILs, documenting violations, advocating for legislative reforms, and facilitating access to justice for marginalized groups.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium fill_blank

Public Interest Litigation (PIL), pioneered in India through S.P. Gupta case (1981), relaxed the rule of ______ to allow public-spirited persons to file petitions for enforcement of rights of marginalized groups unable to approach courts themselves.

  1. stare decisis
  2. locus standi
  3. natural justice
  4. separation of powers
polity medium fill_blank

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, ______ establishes a Data Protection Board of India and imposes obligations on data fiduciaries to process personal data only for lawful purposes with consent.

  1. 2021
  2. 2022
  3. 2023
  4. 2024
polity medium mcq

The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 expanded the definition of disabilities from 7 to ______ categories and increased reservation in government jobs from 3% to 4%.

  1. 15
  2. 21
  3. 25
  4. 30
polity medium fill_blank

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, ______ provides for child-friendly procedures, special courts, and stringent punishments for sexual offences against children.

  1. 2010
  2. 2012
  3. 2015
  4. 2019
polity medium true_false

The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 allows children aged 16-18 accused of heinous offences to be tried as adults after preliminary assessment by Juvenile Justice Board.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium fill_blank

In Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court declared instant triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) unconstitutional as violating Article ______ (right to equality).

  1. 14
  2. 15
  3. 19
  4. 21
polity medium fill_blank

In National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court recognized transgender persons as a ______ gender and affirmed their right to self-identify their gender.

  1. binary
  2. third
  3. temporary
  4. conditional
polity medium fill_blank

Under Article 39A (inserted by 42nd Amendment) and Article 21, the Supreme Court in Hussainara Khatoon case held that free legal aid to poor accused is essential for ______ justice.

  1. procedural
  2. substantive
  3. retributive
  4. distributive
polity medium true_false

In Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979), the Supreme Court recognized right to speedy trial as part of right to life and personal liberty under Article 21.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium mcq

In Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), the Supreme Court held that right to livelihood is integral to right to life under Article 21 because:

  1. Livelihood is a fundamental right separate from Article 21
  2. No person can live without the means of living
  3. Livelihood is covered under Directive Principles only
  4. Livelihood is a privilege granted by State
polity medium fill_blank

In Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar (1991), the Supreme Court held that right to pollution-free water and air is part of right to life under Article ______.

  1. 14
  2. 19
  3. 21
  4. 25
polity medium true_false

The Supreme Court has interpreted Article 21 to include the right to health, obligating the State to provide adequate medical facilities and ensure access to healthcare.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium fill_blank

Under Article 270, taxes levied and collected by the Union but distributed between Union and States include income tax (excluding agricultural income) and ______, with distribution per Finance Commission recommendations.

  1. customs duty
  2. corporation tax
  3. excise duty on tobacco
  4. GST
polity medium fill_blank

Under Article 248, Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List, including the power to impose taxes not mentioned in either List, reflecting Indian federalism's ______ bias.

  1. State-centric
  2. unitary
  3. confederal
  4. decentralized
polity medium fill_blank

Under Article 263, the Inter-State Council can be established by ______ order to inquire into and advise on disputes between States, subjects of common interest, and policy recommendations.

  1. Supreme Court
  2. Parliament
  3. President
  4. Prime Minister
polity medium true_false

The Preamble's ideal of 'Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation' reflects Indian federalism's core philosophy: balancing regional diversity with national unity.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium fill_blank

Article 246 read with Seventh Schedule distributes legislative powers: Union List (List I) has ______ subjects on which Parliament has exclusive power to legislate.

  1. 52
  2. 61
  3. 97
  4. 120
polity medium true_false

Cooperative federalism in India means States and Union collaborate through institutions like GST Council, Inter-State Council, and NITI Aayog to address shared challenges while respecting constitutional division of powers.

  1. True
  2. False