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Which fund provides risk capital to startups through SEBI-registered Alternative Investment Funds?
- Fund of Funds for Startups
- Startup India Seed Fund
- NIDHI
- All of these
Answer: Fund of Funds for Startups
FFS (₹10,000 crore) managed by SIDBI invests in AIFs that fund startups. Focuses on innovation, job creation, strategic sectors. Part of Startup India ecosystem support.
Which technique removes personally identifiable information from datasets while preserving analytical utility?
- Encryption
- Anonymization
- Tokenization
- Masking
Answer: Anonymization
Anonymization irreversibly removes/alters PII to prevent re-identification. Techniques: k-anonymity, l-diversity, differential privacy. Critical for privacy-preserving analytics and GDPR/DPDP compliance.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing industrial control systems and critical infrastructure?
- NIST CSF
- IEC 62443
- ISO 27001
- COBIT
Answer: IEC 62443
IEC 62443 provides cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Addresses OT-specific threats: safety, availability, integrity. Critical for critical infrastructure protection questions.
Which role focuses on automating infrastructure deployment and management using code?
- DevOps Engineer
- Data Scientist
- UX Designer
- Product Manager
Answer: DevOps Engineer
DevOps Engineers use IaC (Terraform, Ansible), CI/CD, and monitoring to automate infrastructure. Critical for cloud operations and agile delivery. High demand in Indian tech sector.
Which database feature ensures that transactions are processed reliably even during system failures?
- ACID Properties
- Eventual Consistency
- Sharding
- Caching
Answer: ACID Properties
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) guarantees reliable transaction processing. Critical for banking, inventory, and other mission-critical applications. NoSQL may relax ACID for scalability.
Which initiative connects startups with corporate innovation challenges and pilot opportunities?
- Startup India
- Corporate Innovation Programs
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Startup India facilitates corporate-startup partnerships; many corporates run innovation challenges for pilots. Critical for startup growth and enterprise innovation questions.
Which technique replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents while preserving format?
- Encryption
- Tokenization
- Masking
- Anonymization
Answer: Tokenization
Tokenization replaces sensitive values (credit cards) with format-preserving tokens, reversible via secure vault. Used in payments, healthcare. Critical for PCI-DSS compliance and data protection questions.
Which standard provides guidelines for incident response and management?
- ISO 27035
- NIST SP 800-61
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
ISO 27035 and NIST SP 800-61 provide frameworks for incident handling: preparation, detection, analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, lessons learned. Critical for security operations questions.
Which certification validates expertise in cloud security architecture?
- CCSP
- CISSP
- CISM
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CCSP (Certified Cloud Security Professional) focuses on cloud; CISSP covers broad security; CISM emphasizes management. All valued for security leadership roles. Critical for cybersecurity career questions.
Which indexing technique is optimal for full-text search in document databases?
- B-Tree
- Hash
- Inverted Index
- Bitmap
Answer: Inverted Index
Inverted Index maps terms to documents containing them, enabling efficient full-text search. Used in Elasticsearch, Solr. Critical for search engines and content management questions.
Which program provides mentorship and funding to deep tech startups in strategic sectors?
- NIDHI-PRAYAS
- Startup India
- Atal Innovation Mission
- All of these
Answer: All of these
NIDHI-PRAYAS (DST) funds prototyping; Startup India offers tax benefits; AIM establishes incubators. Together they support innovation from ideation to scale. Critical for entrepreneurship ecosystem questions.
Which technique enables querying encrypted databases without decrypting the data?
- Searchable Encryption
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Tokenization
- Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
Searchable Encryption enables keyword search on ciphertext; Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on encrypted data. Both preserve privacy while enabling functionality. Critical for confidential cloud computing questions.
Which framework provides maturity model for cybersecurity capabilities in critical infrastructure?
- NIST CSF
- C2M2
- ISO 27001
- COBIT
Answer: C2M2
C2M2 (Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model) by US DOE assesses/improves cybersecurity in energy, water, and other critical sectors. Adopted globally for infrastructure resilience. Critical for critical infrastructure protection questions.
Which skill is most critical for data scientists to extract insights from unstructured data?
- SQL
- Machine Learning
- Data Visualization
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Data scientists need: ML for modeling, SQL for data access, visualization for communication, plus domain knowledge. India's growing data economy demands multi-skilled professionals. Critical for tech career planning questions.
Which database feature automatically distributes data across multiple nodes for scalability?
- Indexing
- Sharding
- Replication
- Caching
Answer: Sharding
Sharding partitions data horizontally across nodes based on key ranges or hashes, enabling horizontal scaling. Critical for handling large datasets in distributed databases. Trade-offs: cross-shard queries complexity.
Which initiative aims to establish global standards for trustworthy AI development?
- OECD AI Principles
- Paris Agreement
- Basel III
- WTO Rules
Answer: OECD AI Principles
OECD AI Principles (2019) provide values-based guidelines: inclusive growth, human-centered values, transparency, robustness, accountability. Adopted by 40+ countries including India. Critical for AI governance questions.
Which pattern isolates failures in microservices to prevent cascading outages?
- Circuit Breaker
- API Gateway
- Service Mesh
- Load Balancer
Answer: Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker stops requests to failing services temporarily, allowing recovery. Prevents cascading failures in distributed systems. Implemented in resilience libraries. Critical for building fault-tolerant architectures.
Which protocol enables segment routing for traffic engineering in modern networks?
- OSPF
- BGP
- SR-MPLS / SRv6
- RIP
Answer: SR-MPLS / SRv6
Segment Routing (SR-MPLS, SRv6) encodes path instructions in packet headers, enabling flexible traffic engineering without per-flow state. Critical for scalable, programmable networks. Important for advanced networking questions.
Which emerging role focuses on ensuring AI systems are fair, transparent, and accountable?
- Data Engineer
- AI Ethics Officer
- DevOps Engineer
- Cloud Architect
Answer: AI Ethics Officer
AI Ethics Officers govern responsible AI: bias mitigation, explainability, compliance. Growing demand in regulated sectors (finance, healthcare). Critical for emerging tech career questions.
Which NoSQL database type is best suited for storing hierarchical data like social graphs?
- Key-Value
- Document
- Graph
- Column-Family
Answer: Graph
Graph databases (Neo4j, Amazon Neptune) store nodes/edges for relationships, enabling efficient traversal for social networks, fraud detection, recommendations. Critical for relationship-rich data questions.