GK Questions

Answer: All of these

Semiconductor diversification driven by: geopolitical tensions (US-China), demand surge (AI, EVs), and tech advancement (smaller nodes). India's semiconductor mission aligns with global reshoring trends. Critical for tech geopolitics questions.

Answer: Event-Driven Architecture

Event-Driven Architecture uses events/messages for service communication via brokers (Kafka, RabbitMQ). Enables scalability, resilience, and real-time processing. Complements microservices. Critical for distributed systems design questions.

Answer: SDN

SDN (Software-Defined Networking) centralizes control in software controllers, enabling dynamic traffic management, automation, and innovation. NFV virtualizes network functions. Critical for modern network architecture questions.

Answer: UMANG

UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) offers 1,200+ services: Aadhaar, PAN, EPFO, utilities, health. Multilingual, voice search, offline access. Critical for digital service delivery questions.

Answer: Shared Responsibility Model

Cloud providers secure infrastructure ('security OF cloud'); customers secure data/apps ('security IN cloud'). Responsibilities vary by service model (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS). Critical for cloud governance and compliance questions.

Answer: T-Hub

T-Hub (Telangana) is India's largest innovation campus, connecting startups with corporates, investors, and mentors. Supports deep tech, healthtech, and enterprise solutions. Critical for understanding India's startup infrastructure questions.

Answer: Federated Learning

Federated Learning trains models across devices/servers holding local data, sharing only model updates. Preserves privacy while enabling collaborative AI. Used in healthcare, finance, and mobile keyboards. Critical for privacy-preserving AI questions.

Answer: Direction 20

CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) requires service providers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours, maintain logs for 180 days, and synchronize clocks with National Time Server. Critical for incident response compliance questions.

Answer: Both A and B

e-Courts project integrates video conferencing for virtual hearings, e-filing, and case management. Enhanced during pandemic for access to justice. Critical for digital governance and judicial reform questions.

Answer: CSPM

CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management) automates detection/remediation of misconfigurations (public S3 buckets, open ports). Critical for preventing cloud breaches. CWPP protects workloads; CASB governs SaaS; SIEM aggregates logs. Important for cloud security operations questions.

Answer: NIST Cybersecurity Framework

NIST CSF (Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover) provides flexible, risk-based approach to cybersecurity management. Widely adopted globally and referenced in Indian policies. Critical for security governance and compliance questions.

Answer: All of these

Smart buildings integrate IoT sensors (occupancy, temperature), BMS for HVAC/lighting control, and AI for predictive optimization. Reduces energy waste by 20-40%. Critical for green building and energy efficiency questions.

Answer: Physical Tampering

IoT devices are often deployed in accessible locations, vulnerable to physical tampering, theft, or environmental attacks. Requires hardware security modules, secure boot, and tamper-evident designs. Critical for IoT security architecture questions.

Answer: Blockchain/NFTs

Blockchain with NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) enables verifiable digital ownership, provenance tracking, and peer-to-peer transfers without intermediaries. Applications: art, gaming, identity, supply chain. Critical for understanding Web3 and digital economy questions.

Answer: DigiLocker

DigiLocker enables citizens to store/share government-issued documents (license, certificates) digitally. Documents have legal validity under IT Act. Integrates with Aadhaar for authentication. Critical for paperless governance and digital inclusion questions.

Answer: Object Detection

Object Detection identifies AND locates multiple objects with bounding boxes (YOLO, R-CNN). Image Classification assigns single label; Semantic Segmentation labels each pixel. Critical for autonomous vehicles, surveillance, and medical imaging applications.

Answer: All of these

Carbon tracking combines: IoT sensors (emission data), blockchain (immutable records), and AI (pattern analysis) for end-to-end footprint visibility. Enables carbon accounting, offset verification, and sustainable sourcing. Critical for ESG and climate governance questions.

Answer: Data Processing Near Source

Edge computing processes data close to IoT devices/sensors, reducing round-trip latency to cloud. Critical for autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and AR/VR. Complements cloud for hierarchical processing. Key for distributed systems architecture questions.

Answer: W3C DID Specification

W3C DID Specification enables users to create/own identifiers without central authorities. DIDs resolve to DID Documents containing public keys and service endpoints. Foundation for portable, privacy-preserving identity in Web3 and metaverse. Critical for digital identity standards questions.

Answer: Account Aggregator

Account Aggregator framework enables consent-based financial data sharing between institutions. Users control data flow via AA apps. Part of India Stack's layered DPI: identity (Aadhaar), payments (UPI), data sharing (AA), documents (DigiLocker). Critical for digital governance questions.