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Which attack manipulates training data to cause targeted misclassifications during inference?
- Data Poisoning
- Backdoor Attack
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Data poisoning injects malicious samples; backdoor attacks embed triggers that activate misclassification. Both compromise model integrity during training.
Which Kubernetes security feature restricts pod capabilities to prevent privilege escalation?
- Security Context
- Pod Security Standards
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Security Context defines pod/container privileges; Pod Security Standards enforce baseline/restricted policies. Both critical for container security.
Which technology enables continuous authentication by analyzing user behavior patterns?
- Behavioral Biometrics
- Adaptive Authentication
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Behavioral biometrics analyzes typing, mouse movements; adaptive authentication adjusts requirements based on risk. Both enable continuous verification in Zero Trust.
Which Indian initiative aims to achieve 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030?
- National Solar Mission
- Panchamrit Strategy
- Green Energy Corridor
- All of these
Answer: Panchamrit Strategy
Panchamrit (five nectars) announced at COP26 includes: 500 GW non-fossil capacity, 50% energy from renewables, 1 billion tonne CO2 reduction, net-zero by 2070.
Which brain-inspired feature enables neuromorphic chips to achieve ultra-low power consumption?
- Spiking Neurons
- Event-Driven Computation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Neuromorphic chips use spiking neurons that fire only when needed, and event-driven computation that processes only changes. Critical for edge AI with tight power budgets.
Which quantum algorithm provides exponential speedup for factoring large integers?
- Grover's Algorithm
- Shor's Algorithm
- Quantum Phase Estimation
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Shor's Algorithm
Shor's Algorithm factors integers in polynomial time on quantum computers, threatening RSA encryption. Requires fault-tolerant quantum computers not yet available at scale.
Which regulation requires explicit consent for processing sensitive personal data in the EU?
- GDPR
- ePrivacy Directive
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
GDPR requires explicit consent for special category data; ePrivacy Directive covers electronic communications. Both emphasize user control and transparency in data processing.
Which defense technique trains ML models with adversarial examples to improve robustness?
- Adversarial Training
- Defensive Distillation
- Randomized Smoothing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Adversarial defenses: adversarial training includes perturbed examples, defensive distillation smooths outputs, randomized smoothing adds noise. All improve robustness against adversarial attacks.
Which Kubernetes security practice restricts pod capabilities to minimize attack surface?
- Pod Security Policies
- Network Policies
- Resource Limits
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Kubernetes security: Pod Security Policies restrict privileges, Network Policies control traffic, Resource Limits prevent DoS. Combined for defense-in-depth in container environments.
Which Zero Trust principle requires continuous verification of trust assumptions?
- Never Trust, Always Verify
- Assume Breach
- Least Privilege Access
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Zero Trust combines: never trust always verify (continuous authentication), assume breach (detect/contain threats), least privilege (minimum access). All principles work together for comprehensive security.
Which architecture underpins modern LLMs?
- CNN
- RNN
- Transformer
- LSTM
Answer: Transformer
Transformer uses self-attention for parallel sequence processing.
Which technique predicts future values from historical data?
- Regression
- Classification
- Time Series Forecasting
- Clustering
Answer: Time Series Forecasting
Time series forecasting models temporal patterns.
Which format is optimized for analytics?
- CSV
- JSON
- Parquet
- Avro
Answer: Parquet
Parquet is columnar storage optimized for analytics.
Which technology enables distributed stream processing?
- Apache Kafka
- Apache Flink
- Apache Spark Streaming
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Kafka, Flink, Spark Streaming enable real-time analytics.
Which framework standardizes threat information sharing?
- STIX/TAXII
- MITRE ATT&CK
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
STIX/TAXII standardizes exchange; MITRE ATT&CK catalogs TTPs.
Which tool monitors cloud configurations for compliance?
- CSPM
- CWPP
- CASB
- SIEM
Answer: CSPM
CSPM automates detection/remediation of misconfigurations.
Which technology enables continuous identity verification?
- MFA
- Adaptive Authentication
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
MFA requires multiple factors; adaptive authentication adjusts based on risk.
Which initiative provides unified interface for government services?
- UMANG
- MyGov
- DigiLocker
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Digital India ecosystem: UMANG, MyGov, DigiLocker.
Which initiative provides unified platform for startup support?
- Startup India Hub
- DPIIT Recognition
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Startup India integrates Hub, DPIIT recognition, NITI Aayog policy.
Which mission aims to send astronauts to low Earth orbit?
- Chandrayaan-4
- Gaganyaan
- Aditya-L2
- Shukrayaan
Answer: Gaganyaan
Gaganyaan is ISRO's human spaceflight program.