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Which technology enables instant verification of bank account details using account number and IFSC?
- Penny Drop
- NEFT Validation
- RTGS Check
- IMPS Confirm
Answer: Penny Drop
Penny Drop verification sends ₹1 to a bank account using account number and IFSC; successful credit confirms account validity and name match. Used for KYC, onboarding, and fraud prevention in fintech. Automated via NPCI's APIs. Faster and more reliable than manual document verification, enhancing user experience and compliance.
Which component stores electrical energy in an electric field?
- Resistor
- Inductor
- Capacitor
- Transformer
Answer: Capacitor
Capacitor stores energy in electric field between two conductive plates separated by dielectric. Measured in Farads. Applications: filtering, timing circuits, power factor correction, energy storage. Inductor stores energy in magnetic field; resistor dissipates energy as heat; transformer transfers energy between circuits via electromagnetic induction.
Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI system decisions can be understood and explained to users?
- Fairness
- Accountability
- Transparency
- Privacy
Answer: Transparency
Transparency (Explainable AI/XAI) ensures AI decisions are interpretable by humans, enabling trust, debugging, and regulatory compliance. Techniques: LIME, SHAP, attention visualization. Critical in high-stakes domains: healthcare diagnosis, loan approvals, criminal justice. Balances model complexity with interpretability needs.
Which spectrum band was first auctioned for 5G services in India?
- 700 MHz
- 3.3-3.67 GHz
- 24.25-28.5 GHz
- All of these
Answer: All of these
India's first 5G spectrum auction (2022) included low-band (700 MHz for coverage), mid-band (3.3-3.67 GHz for capacity/coverage balance), and high-band/mmWave (24.25-28.5 GHz for ultra-high speeds in dense areas). Operators strategically bid based on use cases: rural coverage vs urban capacity vs industrial applications.
Which operator is used to check equality of values in most programming languages?
- =
- ==
- ===
- :=
Answer: ==
Double equals (==) checks value equality in C, Java, Python, JavaScript. Single equals (=) is assignment operator. Triple equals (===) in JavaScript checks value AND type equality. := is assignment in Pascal/Go. Understanding operator precedence and type coercion is crucial for writing correct conditional logic in exams and real code.
Which RBI initiative allows regulated entities to test innovative fintech products in a controlled environment?
- RegTech
- Suptech
- Regulatory Sandbox
- Digital Lending Guidelines
Answer: Regulatory Sandbox
RBI Regulatory Sandbox enables fintech startups and banks to test new products/services with real customers under relaxed regulations for limited period/time/scale. Reduces time-to-market, fosters innovation while managing risks. Themes include retail payments, KYC, lending, cybersecurity. Successful pilots may lead to regulatory framework updates.
Which data structure is best suited for implementing a priority queue?
- Array
- Linked List
- Heap
- Stack
Answer: Heap
Heap (specifically binary heap) efficiently implements priority queue with O(log n) insertion and extraction of highest/lowest priority element. Arrays/lists require O(n) search for priority element. Heaps maintain partial order: parent node has higher/lower priority than children. Used in scheduling, Dijkstra's algorithm, and event simulation.
Instruction tuning adapts LLMs to follow user instructions by training on prompt-________ pairs.
- Response
- Query
- Input
- Output
Answer: Response
Instruction tuning fine-tunes LLMs on instruction datasets, improving task completion and helpfulness.
The process of documenting and analyzing security incidents for improvement is called Post-Incident Review.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Post-incident review captures lessons learned: what happened, response effectiveness, root causes, improvements. Critical for continuous security program maturity.
Which ISRO center in Sriharikota handles all satellite and human spaceflight launches?
- VSSC
- URSC
- SDSC-SHAR
- LPSC
Answer: SDSC-SHAR
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR) in Andhra Pradesh is ISRO's primary launch port. Handles PSLV, GSLV, SSLV, and future human spaceflight launches.
Which brain-inspired feature enables neuromorphic chips to achieve ultra-low power for always-on AI?
- Spiking Neurons
- Event-Driven Processing
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Spiking neurons fire only when needed; event-driven processing handles only changes. Combined enable orders-of-magnitude better energy efficiency than GPUs for edge AI.
Which quantum algorithm provides quadratic speedup for unstructured search problems?
- Shor's Algorithm
- Grover's Algorithm
- Quantum Phase Estimation
- Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Answer: Grover's Algorithm
Grover's Algorithm searches unsorted database of N items in O(√N) queries vs O(N) classically. Applications: optimization, cryptography, machine learning enhancement.
Which regulation requires Data Protection Impact Assessments for high-risk processing activities?
- GDPR
- DPDP Act 2023
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
GDPR Article 35 and DPDP Act Section 10 require DPIAs for processing likely to result in high risk to individuals' rights. Critical for privacy-by-design compliance.
Which attack manipulates the training process to embed backdoors that activate on specific triggers?
- Data Poisoning
- Backdoor Attack
- Model Stealing
- Membership Inference
Answer: Backdoor Attack
Backdoor attacks inject malicious patterns during training that cause targeted misclassification when trigger present. Critical threat requiring robust training data validation.
Which cloud security practice involves automatically scanning infrastructure code for misconfigurations before deployment?
- IaC Scanning
- Container Scanning
- Runtime Protection
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Comprehensive cloud security: IaC scanning (Terraform, CloudFormation), container image scanning, runtime protection (Falco, Tetragon). Combined for defense-in-depth.
Which Zero Trust implementation strategy involves creating dynamic, identity-based network perimeters?
- Software-Defined Perimeter
- Micro-segmentation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) creates identity-based perimeters; micro-segmentation isolates workloads. Both implement Zero Trust by limiting access to authenticated, authorized entities only.
A/B testing compares model versions in production to measure ________ impact.
- Technical
- Business
- Security
- All of these
Answer: Business
A/B testing randomly assigns users to model variants, measuring metrics like conversion, engagement.
Which Indian initiative enables public Wi-Fi hotspots via PDOs for rural connectivity?
- BharatNet
- PM-WANI
- Digital Sky
- OneWeb India
Answer: PM-WANI
PM-WANI enables public Wi-Fi hotspots via Public Data Offices using satellite/fiber backhaul. Aims to provide affordable internet in rural/remote areas.
Which physical system is commonly used for implementing qubits in quantum computers?
- Superconducting circuits
- Trapped ions
- Photonic circuits
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Leading qubit implementations: superconducting (IBM, Google), trapped ions (IonQ), photonic (Xanadu). Each has trade-offs in coherence, scalability, error rates.
Which regulation requires data breach notification within 72 hours in the EU?
- GDPR
- ePrivacy Directive
- NIS Directive
- All of these
Answer: GDPR
GDPR Article 33 requires breach notification to supervisory authority within 72 hours of awareness. Critical for incident response compliance.