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Which CERT-In directive (2022) mandates service providers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours?
- Direction 12
- Direction 20
- Direction 44
- Direction 66
Answer: Direction 20
CERT-In Direction 20 (April 2022) mandates service providers, intermediaries, and data centers to report cyber incidents within 6 hours of noticing. Also requires maintaining logs for 180 days, KYC for VPN users, and time synchronization. Aimed at improving incident response and threat intelligence sharing.
Which Indian government cloud initiative provides secure cloud infrastructure for government departments?
- AWS GovCloud
- MeghRaj (GI Cloud)
- Azure Government
- NIC Cloud
Answer: MeghRaj (GI Cloud)
MeghRaj (GI Cloud) is India's government cloud initiative launched by MeitY to optimize ICT spending, ensure data sovereignty, and provide secure, scalable cloud services to government entities. It empanels certified cloud service providers and defines standards for security, interoperability, and portability.
Which type of ransomware encrypts files and also exfiltrates data to threaten public release if ransom is not paid?
- Crypto-ransomware
- Locker ransomware
- Double extortion ransomware
- Scareware
Answer: Double extortion ransomware
Double extortion ransomware combines file encryption with data theft. Attackers threaten to publish sensitive data if ransom isn't paid, increasing pressure on victims. This evolved tactic makes backups insufficient as a sole defense. Prevention requires DLP, encryption, network segmentation, and incident response planning.
Which database index type is best suited for range queries like 'BETWEEN' or 'greater than'?
- Hash Index
- B-Tree Index
- Bitmap Index
- Inverted Index
Answer: B-Tree Index
B-Tree indexes maintain sorted data and allow efficient range queries, equality searches, and ordered retrieval. Hash indexes are optimal only for exact match lookups. Bitmap indexes work well for low-cardinality columns. Inverted indexes are used in full-text search engines.
Which technology enables real-time urban air quality monitoring?
- IoT Sensors
- Satellite
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Urban air quality combines IoT, satellites, AI for source attribution.
Which ISRO mission is jointly developed with NASA?
- CARTOSAT-3
- NISAR
- EOS-06
- RESOURCESAT-3
Answer: NISAR
NISAR is joint Earth-observation satellite using dual-frequency radar.
Which advantage do neuromorphic chips offer for edge AI?
- High Precision
- Ultra-Low Power
- Large Memory
- Fast Clock
Answer: Ultra-Low Power
Neuromorphic chips achieve ultra-low power via event-driven, sparse computation.
Which quantum application enables simulation of molecular interactions?
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Sensing
- Quantum Communication
- Quantum Cryptography
Answer: Quantum Computing
Quantum computers simulate quantum systems exponentially faster for specific problems.
Which technique enables verification without revealing underlying data?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Biometric Encryption
- Tokenization
- Anonymization
Answer: Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Zero-Knowledge Proofs enable proving statements without revealing data.
Which practice ensures ML models are monitored for performance degradation?
- Drift Detection
- Metric Dashboards
- Alerting
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Production monitoring: drift detection, dashboards, alerting for anomalies.
Which fund provides risk capital to deep tech startups in strategic sectors?
- Fund of Funds for Startups
- NIDHI-PRAYAS
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
FFS invests in AIFs; NIDHI-PRAYAS funds prototyping. Both support strategic sector innovation.
Which framework provides guidelines for securing IoT deployments?
- NIST IR 8259
- ETSI EN 303 645
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
NIST IR 8259 and ETSI EN 303 645 provide IoT security baselines: secure boot, updates, data protection.
Which DeFi risk arises from impermanent loss when providing liquidity to volatile trading pairs?
- Impermanent Loss
- Smart Contract Risk
- Oracle Manipulation
- All of these
Answer: Impermanent Loss
Impermanent loss occurs when token prices diverge, reducing value vs holding tokens. Critical risk for liquidity providers.
Which brain-inspired feature enables neuromorphic chips to process sparse data efficiently?
- Event-Driven Computation
- Spiking Neurons
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Event-driven computation and spiking neurons enable efficient processing of sparse, temporal data.
Which technique enables machine learning on encrypted data?
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Secure Multi-Party Computation
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on ciphertext; SMPC enables joint processing without sharing inputs.
Which DeFi mechanism enables borrowing against crypto collateral without credit checks?
- Yield Farming
- Collateralized Lending
- Liquidity Mining
- Staking
Answer: Collateralized Lending
Collateralized lending protocols allow borrowing by locking crypto collateral, with automatic liquidation if collateral value drops.
Which ISRO mission is jointly developed with NASA for Earth observation?
- CARTOSAT-3
- NISAR
- EOS-06
- RESOURCESAT-3
Answer: NISAR
NISAR is a joint Earth-observation satellite using dual-frequency radar to monitor ecosystems, ice masses, vegetation.
Which advantage do neuromorphic chips offer for always-on edge AI applications?
- High Precision
- Ultra-Low Power
- Large Memory
- Fast Clock
Answer: Ultra-Low Power
Neuromorphic chips achieve ultra-low power via event-driven, sparse computation. Critical for battery-powered edge AI.
Which DeFi risk arises from price oracle manipulation that can trigger liquidations?
- Impermanent Loss
- Oracle Manipulation
- Smart Contract Risk
- All of these
Answer: Oracle Manipulation
Oracle manipulation feeds false prices to DeFi protocols, triggering incorrect liquidations or arbitrage. Critical vulnerability requiring decentralized, robust oracles.
Which ISRO mission carries instruments to study solar corona and space weather?
- Chandrayaan-3
- Aditya-L1
- Gaganyaan
- NISAR
Answer: Aditya-L1
Aditya-L1 positioned at Sun-Earth L1 point for uninterrupted solar observation. Studies coronal heating, CMEs, solar flares.