GK Questions

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Showing 961–980 of 1405 questions
polity hard true_false

In NALSA v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court recognized that transgender persons face compounded discrimination based on gender identity, caste, class, and directed intersectional approach in policies for transgender welfare, including reservation in education/employment.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India (2001 onwards), the Supreme Court recognized right to food as part of right to life under Article 21, and issued continuing mandamus directions for implementation of food security schemes like PDS, mid-day meals, ICDS.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration (1978, 1980), the Supreme Court recognized that prisoners retain fundamental rights under Article 21, and imprisonment does not mean deprivation of dignity, leading to directions for humane treatment, rehabilitation programs in prisons.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996), the Supreme Court recognized sustainable development, precautionary principle, and polluter pays principle as part of environmental law under Article 21, balancing development needs with ecological sustainability.

  1. True
  2. False
polity medium true_false

In Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State of West Bengal (1996), the Supreme Court held that failure of government hospital to provide timely emergency medical treatment violates right to life under Article 21, imposing positive obligation on State to ensure access to emergency healthcare.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997), the Supreme Court laid down procedural safeguards for arrest, detention to prevent custodial torture, including medical examination of arrestees, recording of arrest details, and production before magistrate within 24 hours.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of death penalty but restricted its application to 'rarest of rare' cases, requiring consideration of aggravating and mitigating circumstances before imposing capital punishment.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Berubari Union case (1960), the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is not part of the Constitution and has no legal force, but this view was later overruled by Kesavananda Bharati (1973) which held that Preamble is part of Constitution and informs basic structure identification.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Prakash Singh v. Union of India (2006), the Supreme Court issued binding directions for police reforms including fixed tenure for police chiefs, separation of investigation and law and order functions, and police complaint authorities, using the concept of continuing mandamus to monitor implementation.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Waman Rao v. Union of India (1981), the Supreme Court applied the doctrine of prospective overruling to basic structure challenges, holding that amendments enacted before April 24, 1973 (date of Kesavananda judgment) are immune from basic structure challenge to ensure legal certainty.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In a series of cases (MC Mehta v. Union of India), the Supreme Court evolved environmental jurisprudence including absolute liability for hazardous industries, public trust doctrine for natural resources, and sustainable development principles as part of right to life under Article 21.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Supriyo v. Union of India (October 2023), the Supreme Court declined to legalize same-sex marriage, holding that recognition of such marriages involves complex policy considerations best left to Parliament, while affirming rights of queer couples to protection from discrimination and access to services.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court recognized transgender persons as a third gender under Articles 14, 15, 19, 21, and affirmed their right to self-identify their gender without medical/surgical intervention.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), the Supreme Court laid down guidelines to prevent sexual harassment at workplace, filling legislative vacuum until the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act was enacted in 2013, illustrating judicial activism in protecting women's rights under Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2015), the Supreme Court struck down the 99th Constitutional Amendment establishing the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), holding that judicial independence is part of the basic structure and executive dominance in judicial appointments threatens separation of powers.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court decriminalized consensual same-sex relations by striking down Section 377 IPC, holding that Constitutional Morality (constitutional values of dignity, equality, liberty) prevails over social morality (majoritarian views).

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

In Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980), the Supreme Court struck down parts of the 42nd Amendment that gave Directive Principles primacy over Fundamental Rights, holding that the balance between Part III and Part IV is part of the basic structure.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

For competitive exam success, understanding the basic structure doctrine requires recognizing it as both a conceptual framework (guiding interpretation of constitutional values) and a practical tool (enabling analytical, balanced answers to complex governance questions) — demanding integrated preparation combining text, cases, contemporary issues, and critical thinking.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

The basic structure doctrine in Indian constitutionalism represents not just a legal doctrine but a normative commitment: that constitutional values (supremacy of Constitution, democracy, secularism, federalism, judicial review, rule of law, dignity) must guide governance, judicial interpretation, legislative action, and citizen engagement to realize transformative vision of constitutional identity — a commitment requiring continuous nurturing through democratic practice.

  1. True
  2. False
polity hard true_false

The basic structure doctrine in Indian constitutionalism exemplifies a living tradition: rooted in enduring constitutional values but adaptive to changing societal needs through judicial interpretation, legislative action, and democratic practice — requiring aspirants to develop integrated, analytical understanding for competitive exam success and, more importantly, for responsible citizenship in a constitutional democracy.

  1. True
  2. False