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True or False: 6G technology is expected to operate in the terahertz (THz) frequency band.
- True
- False
Answer: True
6G (expected ~2030) aims for THz frequencies (0.1-10 THz), enabling ultra-high data rates, holographic communication, and AI-native networks. Research ongoing globally. [[TRAI, MeitY Reports]]
True or False: India's National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production by 2030.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Launched in 2023, the mission targets 5 MMT annual green hydrogen production, reducing fossil fuel dependence and carbon emissions. Supports energy security and climate goals. [[MNRE Reports, NITI Aayog]]
True or False: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by identical immune cells cloned from a single parent cell.
- True
- False
Answer: True
mAbs are homogeneous antibodies targeting a single epitope, produced via hybridoma technology. Used in cancer therapy (e.g., Trastuzumab), diagnostics, and autoimmune diseases. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, ICMR Reports]]
True or False: LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
LASER produces coherent, monochromatic, directional light via stimulated emission. Applications: surgery, communication, barcode scanners, LIDAR. Fundamental modern physics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: Atom economy is a principle of green chemistry that measures the efficiency of a reaction by the fraction of reactant atoms incorporated into the final product.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Atom economy = (MW of desired product / MW of all reactants) × 100. High atom economy minimizes waste, aligning with green chemistry principles for sustainable synthesis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, MoEFCC Guidelines]]
True or False: CRISPR-Cas9 can be used for both gene editing and gene regulation without cutting DNA.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused with activators/repressors can regulate gene expression without DNA cleavage (CRISPRa/i). Standard Cas9 cuts DNA for editing. This versatility expands therapeutic applications. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Ribosomes (80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes) translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Found free in cytoplasm or bound to ER. Fundamental cell biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that position and momentum cannot be precisely measured simultaneously.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Δx·Δp ≥ h/4π: fundamental limit in quantum mechanics, not due to measurement errors. Highlights probabilistic nature of microscopic world. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]
True or False: Algorithmic bias in AI systems can perpetuate social inequalities.
- True
- False
Answer: True
AI trained on biased data may discriminate in hiring, lending, policing. Ethical AI requires fairness, transparency, accountability. Emerging topic for governance sections. [[NITI Aayog Principles for Responsible AI]]
True or False: The half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of initial concentration.
- True
- False
Answer: True
t₁/₂ = 0.693/k for first-order reactions. Unlike zero/second-order, it doesn't depend on [A]₀. Useful for radioactive decay calculations. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: All birds are oviparous.
- True
- False
Answer: True
All birds lay eggs (oviparous). No viviparous birds exist. Contrast with mammals where most are viviparous except monotremes. Basic zoology fact. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: A plane mirror always forms a real image.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Plane mirrors form virtual, erect, same-size images behind the mirror. Real images can be projected on screen; virtual cannot. Fundamental ray optics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 10]]
True or False: Geothermal energy harnesses heat from Earth's interior.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Geothermal energy uses steam/hot water from underground reservoirs for electricity or heating. India has potential in Puga (Ladakh), Manikaran (Himachal). Renewable and baseload. [[MNRE Reports]]
True or False: In disproportionation reaction, the same element is both oxidized and reduced.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Disproportionation: one species undergoes both oxidation and reduction. Example: 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂ (O in H₂O₂: -1 → -2 in H₂O and 0 in O₂). Important redox concept. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]
True or False: Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs. Common point of confusion. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]
True or False: In projectile motion, the horizontal component of velocity remains constant (ignoring air resistance).
- True
- False
Answer: True
No horizontal force → no horizontal acceleration → vₓ constant. Vertical component changes due to gravity. Key for solving projectile problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]
True or False: IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service in cloud computing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cloud service models: IaaS (virtualized computing resources), PaaS (development platforms), SaaS (software applications). Examples: AWS (IaaS), Google App Engine (PaaS), Gmail (SaaS). [[MeitY Reports]]
True or False: Thermosetting plastics can be remolded on heating.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Thermosets (Bakelite, melamine) have cross-linked polymers that don't soften on heating; they char. Thermoplastics (PE, PVC) soften and can be remolded. Important for materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]
True or False: Incomplete dominance results in a blended phenotype in heterozygotes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Incomplete dominance: heterozygote shows intermediate phenotype (e.g., red × white snapdragon → pink). Differs from codominance (both alleles expressed, e.g., AB blood group). [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]
True or False: Specific heat capacity is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1°C.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Specific heat (c) = Q/(mΔT), unit: J/kg·K. Water has high c (4186 J/kg·K), moderating climate. Essential for calorimetry problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]