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Linux is a proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Linux is a free and open-source operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It is not developed by Microsoft. Linux distributions (Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian) are widely used in servers, embedded systems, and increasingly in desktops. Microsoft develops Windows, a proprietary OS.
Gaganyaan is India's first human spaceflight mission planned by ISRO.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gaganyaan is ISRO's ambitious human spaceflight program aiming to send Indian astronauts (Gagannauts) to low Earth orbit (~400 km) for 3-7 days. The mission uses GSLV Mk III rocket and includes multiple uncrewed test flights before the crewed mission, targeted for 2025-26.
Retail CBDC can coexist with commercial bank deposits without causing significant disintermediation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CBDC design can include holding limits, tiered remuneration, and intermediation models to preserve bank deposit role. Critical for financial stability while enabling digital payment innovation.
Voluntary carbon markets require third-party verification to ensure credit quality.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Credible voluntary markets: independent verification of emission reductions, adherence to standards (Verra, Gold Standard), transparent registries. Critical for corporate ESG credibility and climate finance.
Cubesat standards enable low-cost access to space for research and technology demonstrations.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cubesat standardization (1U=10x10x10cm) reduces development cost/time, enables rideshare launches. India promotes Cubesats via ISRO and academic programs for capacity building and innovation.
India's crypto regulatory framework requires VASPs to maintain capital reserves for operational risks.
- True
- False
Answer: False
As of 2026, India's crypto regulation focuses on AML/KYC and taxation. Capital requirements for VASPs are under consideration but not yet mandated. Critical for understanding evolving regulatory landscape.
CBDC can enable real-time settlement of securities transactions, reducing counterparty risk.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Wholesale CBDC enables delivery-versus-payment settlement: securities and cash transfer simultaneously, eliminating settlement risk. Critical for financial market infrastructure modernization.
Virtualization reduces server energy consumption by consolidating workloads onto fewer physical machines.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Server virtualization improves utilization from 10-15% to 60-80%, reducing hardware, power, cooling needs. Critical for data center efficiency and cost reduction in cloud environments.
Carbon credit prices are determined by supply-demand dynamics in compliance and voluntary markets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon prices vary by market: compliance markets (regulated caps) vs voluntary (corporate ESG). Influenced by policy stringency, project quality, economic conditions. Critical for climate finance planning.
On-orbit servicing can extend satellite lifespan by refueling or repairing components.
- True
- False
Answer: True
In-orbit servicing (robotic arms, refueling) extends satellite life, reduces space debris, enables new business models. ISRO's SPADEX tested docking; global companies developing servicing tech.
India's crypto tax framework requires reporting of all virtual digital asset transactions regardless of profit/loss.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Section 115BBH taxes crypto transfers at 30% on gross value, with 1% TDS. No loss offset allowed. Critical for comprehensive tax compliance and transaction tracking.
CBDC can enable programmable tax collection at point of transaction.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Programmable CBDC with smart contracts can automate tax withholding on transactions, reducing compliance burden and evasion. Requires careful design to balance efficiency with privacy.
Renewable energy procurement can significantly reduce data center carbon footprint.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data centers can purchase renewable energy via PPAs, RECs, or on-site generation. Combined with efficiency measures, enables net-zero operations. Critical for corporate climate commitments.
Article 6.2 of Paris Agreement enables bilateral trading of emission reductions between countries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Article 6.2 allows countries to cooperate through internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs), with corresponding adjustments to avoid double counting. Critical for flexible climate action.
Small satellite launch vehicles like SSLV enable cost-effective access to space for dedicated missions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SSLV (ISRO) and similar small launchers provide dedicated launches for mini/micro satellites, reducing cost and schedule uncertainty vs rideshare. Critical for responsive space access and innovation.
Wholesale CBDC can enable real-time gross settlement of interbank transactions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e₹-W enables instant, final settlement between banks and financial institutions, reducing counterparty risk and liquidity needs. Critical for payment system modernization and financial stability.
Liquid cooling systems for data centers can achieve higher energy efficiency than air cooling.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Liquid cooling (direct-to-chip, immersion) removes heat more efficiently than air, enabling higher server density and lower PUE. Critical for high-performance computing and sustainable data center design.
Carbon border adjustments aim to prevent carbon leakage by taxing imports from countries with weaker climate policies.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CBAM (EU) and similar mechanisms level playing field by imposing carbon costs on imports. Encourages global climate action while protecting domestic industries. India monitoring developments for trade policy.
Electric propulsion systems provide higher specific impulse than chemical rockets for satellite station-keeping.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Electric propulsion (ion, Hall thrusters) offers 5-10x higher specific impulse than chemical rockets, enabling longer satellite life with less propellant. Critical for GEO satellite operations and deep space missions.
India's crypto tax framework allows deduction of acquisition cost when computing taxable income.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Section 115BBH taxes crypto income at 30% on gross transfer value, no deduction for acquisition cost except cost of acquisition. No loss offset allowed. Critical for accurate crypto tax compliance.