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Prompt injection attacks manipulate LLMs by crafting inputs that override system instructions.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Prompt injection exploits LLM instruction-following to bypass safety guards, extract training data, or execute unauthorized actions. Critical vulnerability for LLM applications requiring robust input sanitization.
Digital diplomacy uses technology to advance foreign policy objectives and international cooperation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Digital diplomacy: cyber norms, data governance, tech partnerships, capacity building. India actively engages in UN, GPAI, OECD on AI ethics, cybersecurity, digital trade. Critical for foreign policy questions.
Data ethics requires considering fairness, privacy, and societal impact of analytics projects.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Responsible data science: fairness audits for bias, privacy-preserving techniques, impact assessments. Critical for ethical AI deployment and regulatory compliance (DPDP Act).
Infrastructure as Code enables version-controlled, repeatable cloud resource provisioning.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IaC (Terraform, CloudFormation) defines infrastructure in declarative code, enabling version control, peer review, automated testing, and consistent deployments. Critical for cloud governance.
SOAR platforms automate repetitive security tasks and orchestrate response workflows.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response) automates playbooks: alert triage, enrichment, containment actions. Reduces analyst workload and response time. Critical for SOC efficiency.
Threat intelligence feeds provide indicators of compromise (IOCs) for proactive defense.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Threat intelligence (commercial, open-source, ISACs) provides IOCs: malicious IPs, domains, hashes, TTPs. Enables proactive blocking and hunting. Critical for mature security operations.
Quantization reduces LLM model size and inference latency by using lower-precision numbers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Quantization (INT8, INT4) reduces model size 2-4x with minimal accuracy loss, enabling deployment on edge devices and reducing cloud inference costs. Critical for scalable LLM serving.
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA reduce compute costs for adapting large models.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PEFT methods (LoRA, Adapter, Prefix-tuning) update small subset of parameters or add lightweight modules, reducing compute/memory vs full fine-tuning. Critical for resource-constrained LLM adaptation.
Fine-tuning adapts pre-trained LLMs to specific tasks with smaller datasets.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Fine-tuning updates pre-trained model weights on task-specific data, enabling adaptation to domains like healthcare, legal, or customer service with limited labeled examples. Critical for practical LLM deployment.
WWW and Internet are synonymous terms referring to the same technology.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Internet is the global network of interconnected computers using TCP/IP protocols. WWW (World Wide Web) is a service that runs on the internet, using HTTP/HTTPS to access interlinked hypertext documents. Other internet services include email, FTP, VoIP. Web is a subset of internet.
CoWIN platform was developed exclusively for COVID-19 vaccination management and cannot be repurposed for other health programs.
- True
- False
Answer: False
CoWIN is built on a modular, scalable architecture that can be repurposed for other immunization and health programs. The government has indicated plans to adapt CoWIN for routine vaccination drives, demonstrating the value of building flexible digital public infrastructure for healthcare delivery.
Antivirus software can detect and remove all types of malware with 100% accuracy.
- True
- False
Answer: False
No antivirus can guarantee 100% detection due to zero-day exploits, polymorphic malware, and advanced persistent threats. Effective security requires layered approach: updated AV, firewall, patches, user awareness, backups, and behavioral analysis. Regular updates improve detection but cannot eliminate all risks.
Defragmenting a hard disk improves the performance of SSDs significantly.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Defragmentation rearranges fragmented files on HDDs to improve read/write speed. However, SSDs have no moving parts and access data electronically, so defragmentation provides no benefit and may reduce SSD lifespan due to unnecessary write cycles. Modern OS automatically disables defrag for SSDs.
NoSQL databases are always better than relational SQL databases for all applications.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Database choice depends on use case. SQL (MySQL, PostgreSQL) excels at structured data, complex queries, and ACID transactions. NoSQL (MongoDB, Cassandra) is better for unstructured data, horizontal scaling, and high-velocity writes. Many systems use both (polyglot persistence) for different needs.
Aadhaar authentication is mandatory for availing all government subsidies and services in India.
- True
- False
Answer: False
While Aadhaar is widely used for DBT and service delivery, the Supreme Court has ruled that Aadhaar cannot be made mandatory for all services. It is mandatory for PAN linkage, certain welfare schemes, and telecom verification, but alternatives must be provided for other services as per privacy judgments.
A byte consists of 8 bits.
- True
- False
Answer: True
A byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of 8 bits. This standard allows representation of 256 values (0-255), sufficient for ASCII characters. Larger units: Kilobyte (1024 bytes), Megabyte (1024 KB), etc. Some historical systems used different byte sizes, but 8-bit byte is now universal.
Edge computing processes data closer to the source of generation rather than sending all data to centralized cloud servers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Edge computing brings computation and data storage closer to IoT devices and data sources, reducing latency, bandwidth usage, and improving real-time processing. Critical for autonomous vehicles, industrial IoT, and smart cities where milliseconds matter. Complements, not replaces, cloud computing.
VoLTE stands for Voice over Long Term Evolution and enables HD voice calls over 4G networks.
- True
- False
Answer: True
VoLTE (Voice over LTE) allows voice calls to be transmitted as data packets over 4G networks, enabling faster call setup, HD voice quality, and simultaneous voice+data usage. Unlike traditional calls that drop to 2G/3G, VoLTE maintains 4G connectivity throughout the call.
Cache memory is slower than main RAM but faster than CPU registers.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Cache memory is FASTER than main RAM but SLOWER than CPU registers. Speed hierarchy: CPU Registers (fastest) > L1 Cache > L2 Cache > L3 Cache > RAM > SSD > HDD (slowest). Cache stores frequently accessed data to reduce CPU wait time and improve system performance.
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit long, compared to 32-bit for IPv4.
- True
- False
Answer: True
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334) providing approximately 3.4×10^38 unique addresses, solving IPv4 exhaustion. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1) allowing ~4.3 billion addresses. IPv6 also offers improved security and auto-configuration.