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Which CBDC design enables offline transactions with fraud prevention?
- Secure Element Hardware
- Transaction Limits
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC security: secure hardware (SE/TEE) prevents tampering; transaction limits minimize loss exposure; delayed synchronization enables fraud detection. Critical for inclusive yet secure design.
Which regulatory principle ensures crypto rules are proportionate to risks posed?
- Proportionality
- Technology Neutrality
- Risk-Based Approach
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Effective crypto regulation: proportionate to actual risks (not one-size-fits-all), technology-neutral (focus on function), risk-based (higher scrutiny for higher-risk activities). Critical for balanced policy design.
Which Indian provision requires crypto exchanges to implement customer due diligence?
- PMLA Rules
- IT Act
- SEBI Guidelines
- RBI Directions
Answer: PMLA Rules
PMLA rules mandate VASPs to perform KYC: identity verification, source of funds assessment, ongoing monitoring. Critical for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing via crypto.
Which CBDC feature enables automatic compliance with foreign exchange regulations?
- Programmable Rules
- Smart Contracts
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC can embed FX rules: transaction limits, reporting thresholds, approval workflows. Enhances regulatory compliance while reducing manual processing overhead.
Which mechanism prevents double issuance of carbon credits?
- Unique Serial Numbers
- Central Registry
- Blockchain Tracking
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: unique identifiers prevent duplication; central registries track issuance/retirement; blockchain enables transparent, tamper-proof records. Critical for market trust.
Which practice reduces network energy consumption through intelligent traffic management?
- Software-Defined Networking
- Energy-Aware Routing
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Energy-efficient networking: SDN enables dynamic resource allocation; energy-aware routing selects paths minimizing power use. Critical for sustainable telecom and data center operations.
Which technology enables precision livestock farming to reduce methane emissions?
- Wearable Sensors
- Feed Optimization
- Manure Management
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Precision livestock: sensors monitor health/behavior, optimized feed reduces enteric fermentation, manure management captures methane. Critical for sustainable agriculture and climate mitigation.
Which technology enables seamless handover between satellite beams for mobile users?
- Beam Steering
- Handover Protocols
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Mobile satellite services require: beam steering to track users, handover protocols for seamless transition between beams/satellites. Critical for continuous connectivity in vehicles, aviation, maritime.
Which CBDC benefit enables faster disaster relief fund distribution?
- Direct Transfers
- Programmable Conditions
- Offline Capability
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CBDC for disaster response: direct transfers to affected individuals, programmable conditions for essential goods, offline mode for damaged infrastructure. Critical for resilient social protection.
Which CBDC design enables offline transactions with deferred settlement?
- Secure Hardware Storage
- Delayed Synchronization
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware (SE/TEE) to store transactions locally, synchronizing with central ledger when connectivity restored. Critical for inclusion in connectivity-challenged areas.
Which technology enables confidential CBDC transactions while allowing regulatory oversight?
- Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Confidential Transactions
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Privacy-preserving CBDC: ZK-proofs verify validity without revealing details; confidential transactions hide amounts using cryptographic commitments. Enable auditability for regulators while protecting user privacy.
Which principle requires crypto regulations to adapt to technological innovation?
- Technology Neutrality
- Proportionality
- Future-Proofing
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Effective crypto regulation: technology-neutral (focus on function), proportionate to risks, adaptable to innovation. Avoids stifling development while ensuring consumer protection and financial stability.
Which Indian authority issues guidelines for crypto advertising and investor protection?
- RBI
- SEBI
- ASCI
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Multi-regulator approach: RBI warns on risks, SEBI regulates security tokens, ASCI sets advertising standards. Critical for consumer protection and market integrity in evolving crypto landscape.
Which CBDC feature enables conditional welfare payments with usage restrictions?
- Smart Contracts
- Programmable Money
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.
Which mechanism ensures carbon credits represent permanent emission reductions?
- Buffer Pools
- Insurance Mechanisms
- Long-term Monitoring
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Permanence safeguards: buffer pools set aside credits for reversals; insurance covers unexpected losses; monitoring verifies long-term storage. Critical for credible carbon offset markets.
Which practice reduces software energy consumption by optimizing code execution?
- Algorithm Efficiency
- Resource Management
- Caching Strategies
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Energy-efficient software: optimized algorithms reduce computational complexity; resource management minimizes idle time; caching avoids redundant processing. Critical for sustainable application development.
Which technology enables carbon-negative concrete by sequestering CO2 during curing?
- Mineral Carbonation
- Bio-based Aggregates
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Carbon-negative concrete: mineral carbonation captures CO2 in cement; bio-based aggregates (hemp, mycelium) store carbon. Critical for decarbonizing construction, major emission source.
Which technology enables dynamic beam forming for targeted satellite coverage?
- Phased Array Antennas
- Digital Beamforming
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Phased array antennas with digital beamforming steer signals electronically without moving parts. Enables adaptive coverage, interference mitigation, and capacity optimization for satellite broadband.
Which CBDC design enables interoperability with existing payment systems?
- API-Based Integration
- Common Standards
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
CBDC interoperability: APIs enable integration with UPI, cards, wallets; common standards (ISO 20022) ensure seamless data exchange. Critical for user adoption and payment ecosystem evolution.
Which CBDC benefit enables financial inclusion for unbanked populations?
- Offline Capability
- Low-Cost Transactions
- Simplified Onboarding
- All of these
Answer: All of these
CBDC inclusion features: offline mode for connectivity-challenged areas, low transaction costs vs traditional banking, simplified KYC for basic accounts. Critical for expanding financial access.