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What does 'URL' stand for in web addressing?
- Universal Resource Locator
- Uniform Resource Locator
- United Resource Link
- Universal Reference Link
Answer: Uniform Resource Locator
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access resources on the internet. It includes protocol (http/https), domain name, path, and optional parameters. Example: https://www.example.com/page?query=1. URLs are a subset of URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers).
Which of the following is a strong password practice?
- Using birthdate as password
- Reusing passwords across sites
- Using 12+ characters with mix of types
- Writing password on sticky note
Answer: Using 12+ characters with mix of types
Strong passwords should be at least 12 characters long with uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special symbols. Avoid personal info, dictionary words, or patterns. Use unique passwords per account and store them in a password manager. Enable two-factor authentication for critical accounts.
Which ISRO launch vehicle is designed for launching heavy communication satellites to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit?
- PSLV
- GSLV Mk III
- SSLV
- ASLV
Answer: GSLV Mk III
GSLV Mk III (now called LVM3) is ISRO's heavy-lift launch vehicle capable of placing 4-ton class satellites into GTO. It was used for Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3, and OneWeb satellite launches. PSLV handles lighter polar orbits; SSLV is for small satellites; ASLV was retired.
Which payment system in India enables instant money transfer using mobile number and MMID?
- NEFT
- RTGS
- IMPS
- ECS
Answer: IMPS
IMPS (Immediate Payment Service) enables instant interbank electronic fund transfer 24x7 using mobile number + MMID (Mobile Money Identifier) or account number + IFSC. Developed by NPCI, it supports transfers up to ₹5 lakh. NEFT/RTGS have timing restrictions; ECS is for bulk/recurring payments.
Which authentication factor is represented by 'something you are'?
- Password
- Smart Card
- Fingerprint
- Security Token
Answer: Fingerprint
Authentication factors: 1) Something you know (password/PIN), 2) Something you have (smart card/token), 3) Something you are (biometrics like fingerprint, iris, face). Multi-factor authentication combines two or more factors for enhanced security. Fingerprint is a biometric ('something you are') factor.
Which file extension is typically associated with executable files in Windows?
- .txt
- .exe
- .jpg
Answer: .exe
.exe (executable) files contain programs that can be run directly by the Windows operating system. Users should be cautious opening .exe files from untrusted sources as they can contain malware. Other extensions: .txt (text), .pdf (document), .jpg (image) are data files, not executables.
Which platform enables citizens to participate in governance by sharing ideas and giving feedback to the government?
- DigiLocker
- MyGov
- UMANG
- e-Taal
Answer: MyGov
MyGov is a citizen engagement platform launched under Digital India that allows Indians to participate in policy discussions, submit ideas, vote on proposals, and provide feedback on government initiatives. It fosters collaborative governance and transparent decision-making.
Which satellite series is used for Earth observation and remote sensing in India?
- INSAT
- GSAT
- CARTOSAT
- IRNSS
Answer: CARTOSAT
CARTOSAT series satellites are dedicated to Earth observation and remote sensing with high-resolution cameras for cartography, urban planning, and resource monitoring. INSAT is for communication/weather, GSAT for communication, and IRNSS/NavIC for navigation.
Which AI technique is used for generating realistic images, videos, or text by learning data patterns?
- Decision Trees
- Generative Adversarial Networks
- Linear Regression
- K-Means Clustering
Answer: Generative Adversarial Networks
GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) consist of two neural networks - a generator that creates fake data and a discriminator that evaluates authenticity. They compete to improve output quality. Used in deepfakes, art generation, drug discovery, and data augmentation. Ethical concerns include misinformation.
Which SQL clause is used to filter groups after aggregation?
- WHERE
- HAVING
- GROUP BY
- ORDER BY
Answer: HAVING
HAVING clause filters results after GROUP BY aggregation, while WHERE filters rows before grouping. Example: SELECT dept, AVG(salary) FROM emp GROUP BY dept HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000. WHERE cannot be used with aggregate functions directly.
Which technology enables mobile payments by tapping a smartphone near a payment terminal?
- Bluetooth
- NFC
- Wi-Fi Direct
- Infrared
Answer: NFC
NFC (Near Field Communication) enables contactless payments by allowing two devices to communicate when placed within 4 cm. Used in Google Pay, Apple Pay, and RuPay Contactless. It operates at 13.56 MHz and supports secure element storage for payment credentials.
Which Digital India initiative focuses on transforming government services through electronic delivery?
- e-Kranti
- Make in India
- Skill India
- Start-up India
Answer: e-Kranti
e-Kranti (National e-Governance Plan 2.0) is a pillar of Digital India focusing on electronic delivery of government services across sectors like education, health, agriculture, and justice. It emphasizes integrated services, cloud adoption, and mobile-first approach for citizen convenience.
Which encryption method uses a pair of keys (public and private) for secure communication?
- Symmetric Encryption
- Asymmetric Encryption
- Hashing
- Steganography
Answer: Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption (Public-Key Cryptography) uses two mathematically related keys: public key for encryption and private key for decryption. Examples include RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman. It enables secure key exchange and digital signatures, unlike symmetric encryption which uses a single shared key.
Which regulatory approach treats crypto assets based on economic function rather than technology?
- Technology-Neutral Regulation
- Substance-Over-Form
- Risk-Based Supervision
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Modern crypto regulation focuses on economic substance: payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens regulated by function. Avoids technology lock-in and adapts to innovation. Critical for policy design.
Which Indian authority monitors crypto transactions for suspicious activity reporting?
- RBI
- SEBI
- FIU-IND
- CERT-In
Answer: FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) receives, analyzes, and disseminates financial intelligence including crypto transactions. VASPs must register and report suspicious activities under PMLA.
Which mechanism ensures carbon credits represent real emission reductions?
- Additionality Testing
- Baseline Methodology
- Third-party Verification
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Carbon credit integrity: additionality proves reductions beyond business-as-usual; robust baselines define counterfactual; independent verification ensures accuracy. Critical for market credibility.
Which practice reduces cloud computing emissions by scheduling workloads during renewable energy peaks?
- Carbon-Aware Computing
- Green Scheduling
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Carbon-aware computing: schedule batch jobs when grid renewable fraction is highest, use geographic load balancing to low-carbon regions. Critical for sustainable cloud operations.
Which technology enables real-time monitoring of urban air quality for pollution control?
- IoT Sensor Networks
- Satellite Remote Sensing
- AI Analytics
- All of these
Answer: All of these
Urban air quality monitoring: IoT sensors for hyperlocal data, satellites for regional patterns, AI for source attribution and forecasting. Critical for public health and environmental policy.
Which technology enables high-capacity satellite backhaul for 5G networks?
- HTS
- Ka-band
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) with Ka-band provide 100+ Gbps capacity for 5G backhaul in remote areas. Critical for bridging digital divide and supporting mobile network expansion.
Which CBDC benefit enables programmable subsidies with usage restrictions?
- Smart Contracts
- Conditional Transfers
- Both A and B
- Neither
Answer: Both A and B
Programmable CBDC enables subsidies usable only for specific goods/services (food, education), preventing misuse while ensuring benefits reach intended purposes. Critical for social welfare efficiency.