Technology – Medium Level – GK Questions

SWAYAM platform hosts NPTEL courses (IITs/IIMs) alongside content from other institutions. Offers certificates that can be transferred to academic records. Supports lifelong learning and upskilling. Part of India's strategy to democratize quality education through technology. Important for education policy questions.

e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) mobile app enables farmers to view real-time prices across 1,000+ mandis, participate in online bidding, and access quality assaying services. Promotes transparent price discovery and reduces intermediation. Critical for agricultural marketing and digital inclusion questions.

RPM uses IoT wearables (smartwatches, patches) to continuously track vitals (heart rate, BP, glucose) and transmit data to healthcare providers. Enables proactive care, reduces hospital visits, and supports chronic disease management. Integrated with ABDM for interoperable health records. Important for digital health questions.

Tejas Mk1A incorporates Uttam AESA radar developed by DRDO's LRDE, enhancing detection range, multi-target tracking, and electronic warfare capabilities. 83 aircraft ordered by IAF with 50% indigenous content. Represents milestone in self-reliance in critical defense technologies. Critical for defense indigenization questions.

Smart Irrigation systems use soil moisture sensors, weather data, and IoT connectivity to automate water delivery based on crop needs. Reduces water waste, improves yield, and enables remote farm management. Promoted under PMKSY (Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana). Critical for sustainable agriculture questions.

CoWIN's modular, open-source architecture enables repurposing for routine immunization, disease surveillance, and health program management. Demonstrates value of building reusable digital public infrastructure. Government plans to adapt it for Universal Immunization Programme. Important for digital governance questions.

Akash is a medium-range surface-to-air missile system with 25-30 km range, capable of engaging multiple targets simultaneously. Developed by DRDO, inducted into Indian Air Force and Army. Part of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. Important for defense indigenization questions.

DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade) recognizes startups under Startup India initiative. Recognized entities avail tax exemptions, easier compliance, and IPR fast-tracking. Recognition requires innovation, scalability, and <10 years since incorporation. Critical for entrepreneurship policy questions.

Virtual Labs (by MeitY) provide remote access to simulation-based experiments in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Enables hands-on learning without physical lab infrastructure. Complements SWAYAM/NPTEL courses. Important for digital education infrastructure questions under NEP 2020.

Soil Health Card scheme issues cards every 3 years with soil nutrient status and fertilizer recommendations for specific crops. Promotes balanced fertilizer use, reduces input costs, and improves soil health. Integrated with digital platforms for wider reach. Critical for agricultural policy and technology questions.

Computer Vision algorithms analyze retinal images to detect microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates indicative of diabetic retinopathy. Enables scalable screening in primary care settings. Approved AI tools like Aravind Eye Hospital's system improve access to specialist-level diagnosis. Important for AI in healthcare questions.

Startup India offers tax benefits, funding support, and regulatory easing. NIDHI-PRAYAS (by DST) provides prototyping grants for deep tech. Atal Innovation Mission establishes Atal Tinkering Labs and incubators. Together they foster innovation ecosystem from ideation to scale-up. Important for entrepreneurship questions.

Precision Agriculture uses GPS, IoT sensors, drones, satellite imagery, and AI analytics to optimize inputs (water, fertilizer, pesticides) based on field variability. Increases yield, reduces costs, and minimizes environmental impact. Promoted under Digital Agriculture Mission and PM-KISAN integration.

ABDM (Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission) creates digital health ecosystem with ABHA IDs, Health Facility Registry, and consent-based health information exchange. Enables teleconsultations, e-pharmacy, and portable health records. Part of India's digital public infrastructure for healthcare access and quality.

Agni-P (Prime) is a new-generation ballistic missile with 1,000-2,000 km range, two solid-propellant stages, canister-launched, and equipped with MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle) technology. Enhances India's credible minimum deterrence. Critical for defense and strategic studies questions.

InMobi (mobile advertising platform) became India's first unicorn in 2011 after raising $200M at $1B+ valuation. Flipkart achieved unicorn status later in 2012. As of 2026, India has 100+ unicorns across fintech, edtech, healthtech, and SaaS. Important for entrepreneurship and economy questions.

Section 66F prescribes life imprisonment for cyber terrorism: unauthorized access to computer resources with intent to threaten unity, integrity, security, or sovereignty of India. Reflects seriousness of cyber threats to national security. Important for legal awareness in defense and governance exams.

Stacks can be implemented with arrays (fixed size, O(1) access) or linked lists (dynamic size, O(1) push/pop at head). Choice depends on requirements: arrays are cache-friendly; linked lists avoid overflow. Understanding implementation trade-offs is important for data structure design questions.

du (disk usage) shows space used by files/directories. Common options: du -h (human-readable), du -sh /path (summary). df shows filesystem-level free space. Essential for storage management, identifying large files, and optimizing disk usage in system administration tasks.