Technology – Medium Level – GK Questions

IoT (Internet of Things) refers to network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity to collect and exchange data. Applications include smart homes, industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, and smart cities.

IP (Internet Protocol) Address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1), while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to accommodate the growing number of internet-connected devices.

Stack is a linear data structure that follows LIFO principle - the last element added is the first to be removed. Operations include push (add) and pop (remove). Used in function call management, expression evaluation, and undo mechanisms.

Using the same password across multiple accounts is highly risky. If one account is breached, attackers can access all accounts with the same credentials. Best practice: use unique, strong passwords for each account and enable two-factor authentication.

NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation), formerly IRNSS, is India's independent regional satellite navigation system providing accurate position information over India and 1500 km around. It consists of 7 satellites and is an alternative to GPS.

2G (specifically GPRS/EDGE enhancements) introduced packet-switched data transmission, enabling always-on internet access and efficient data usage. 1G was analog voice only; 3G improved data speeds; 4G introduced all-IP architecture with higher bandwidth.

HTTPS indicates that communication between browser and website is encrypted using SSL/TLS protocols. This protects data from eavesdropping and tampering. Users should look for the padlock icon and 'https://' when entering sensitive information online.

DigiLocker is a cloud-based platform under Digital India that enables citizens to store, share, and verify important documents digitally. Documents issued by registered authorities through DigiLocker have legal validity under the Information Technology Act, 2000.

Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices to connect to a local network without cables. Internet is the global network of networks. Wi-Fi provides local wireless access; you still need an ISP connection to access the internet via Wi-Fi.

SaaS stands for Software as a Service, where applications are hosted by a provider and made available to customers over the internet (e.g., Google Workspace, Microsoft 365). Storage as a Service is a different cloud model, while IaaS and PaaS are other main categories.

Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), launched in 2013, made India the first Asian nation and fourth space agency globally to reach Mars orbit. It was completed at a cost of just $74 million, making it one of the least expensive Mars missions.

Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on victim's device and demands ransom (usually in cryptocurrency) for the decryption key. Prevention includes regular backups, updated antivirus, and avoiding suspicious email attachments.

5G operates across three spectrum bands: low-band (<1 GHz) for wide coverage, mid-band (1-6 GHz) for balanced speed/coverage, and high-band/mmWave (24-100 GHz) for ultra-high speeds in dense areas. India primarily uses mid-band for 5G rollout.

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric algorithm using the same key for encryption and decryption. RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman are asymmetric algorithms using public-private key pairs. AES is widely used for securing sensitive data.

DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. Without DNS, users would need to remember IP addresses like 142.250.189.206.

UPI (Unified Payments Interface) operates 24x7x365, including weekends and bank holidays. This round-the-clock availability is one of its key advantages over traditional NEFT/RTGS systems which have time restrictions.

OTP stands for One Time Password - a automatically generated numeric or alphanumeric string that authenticates a user for a single transaction or login session, enhancing security beyond static passwords.

UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) provides access to over 1,200+ services from both central AND state governments, including utilities, education, health, and travel services across India.