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Answer: Gaganyaan
Gaganyaan is ISRO's human spaceflight program to send Indian astronauts to low Earth orbit (~400 km) for 3-7 days. Includes crew module, service module, life support, and crew escape system. Multiple uncrewed test flights precede crewed mission. Represents India's capability in human-rated launch vehicles and space medicine.
Answer: Atomicity
Atomicity is the 'A' in ACID properties. It guarantees that all operations within a transaction succeed as a unit, or none are applied. If any part fails, the entire transaction is rolled back. Critical for maintaining data consistency in banking, inventory, and other mission-critical applications.
Answer: e-NAM
e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) is a pan-India electronic trading portal connecting existing APMC mandis. Provides real-time price discovery, online bidding, quality assaying, and payment settlement. Aims to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities, reducing intermediation and improving farmer incomes.
Answer: Platform
PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides development platforms (runtime, middleware, OS) managed by provider. Customers deploy and manage applications and data without worrying about infrastructure. Examples: Google App Engine, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service. Contrasts with IaaS (customer manages OS+) and SaaS (provider manages all).
Answer: Account Aggregator
Account Aggregator (AA) is a consent-based data sharing framework regulated by RBI. It allows individuals to securely share financial information (bank statements, investments, insurance) between Financial Information Providers (FIPs) and Financial Information Users (FIUs) for better credit access and personalized services.
Answer: ONDC
ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce) is a government-backed initiative to create an open, interoperable network for e-commerce. It allows buyers and sellers to transact across platforms without being locked into a single app, promoting competition, inclusion, and democratization of digital commerce.
Answer: Footprint
Carbon footprint measures total GHG emissions from IT operations.
Answer: Diversity
Ground station diversity hands off between stations as satellites move.
Answer: Wetware
Wetware computing uses biological neurons for computation. Early research stage.
Answer: Anonymization
Anonymization irreversibly removes/alters PII to prevent re-identification.
Answer: Homomorphic
Homomorphic Encryption enables computation on ciphertext.
Answer: FAME
FAME provides demand incentives for EVs and charging infrastructure.
Answer: Village
Digital Village Initiative promotes rural startups: CSCs for service delivery, agri-tech incubators.
Answer: Engineering Task Force / IETF
IETF develops voluntary internet standards: TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP. Multi-stakeholder model.
Answer: Green
Green computing combines renewable energy, efficiency measures, sustainable hardware for low-carbon IT.
Answer: L
L-band has longer wavelength enabling better penetration through buildings, foliage, weather.
Answer: Cellular / Biological
Cellular computing uses biochemical reactions in cells for parallel computation. Early research stage.
Answer: Differential
Differential Privacy mathematically guarantees that query results don't reveal individual records.
Answer: Federated
Federated Learning trains models across devices/servers holding local data, sharing only model updates.
Answer: Digital India / UPI
Digital India encompasses UPI, Aadhaar, DigiLocker for inclusive digital services.