Technology – Fill in the Blank – GK Questions

AI Fairness addresses bias in data, algorithms, and outcomes that may disadvantage groups based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques: bias detection metrics, debiasing algorithms, diverse training data, and fairness-aware modeling. Critical for ethical deployment in hiring, lending, policing, and public services.

Functional Programming emphasizes immutability, pure functions (no side effects), and declarative style. Languages: Haskell, Scala, Lisp; features in Python/JavaScript. Benefits: easier testing, parallelization, and reasoning about code. Contrasts with imperative programming that uses mutable state and explicit control flow.

Diode is a two-terminal semiconductor device permitting current flow primarily in one direction (forward bias) while blocking reverse current. Applications: rectification (AC to DC), voltage regulation (Zener diode), signal demodulation, and circuit protection. LED is a special diode emitting light when forward-biased.

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) divides radio frequency into time slots, assigning each user a specific slot for transmission. Used in 2G GSM networks. Contrasts with FDMA (frequency division) and CDMA (code division). 4G/5G use OFDMA which combines time and frequency division with orthogonal subcarriers for higher efficiency.

IaC scanners analyze Terraform/CloudFormation for misconfigurations: public storage, weak IAM.

Digital India Act aims to address platform accountability, user rights, emerging tech governance.

DNA computing leverages biochemical reactions for parallel problem-solving. Research stage with potential for combinatorial optimization, cryptography, archival storage.

Differential Privacy mathematically guarantees query results don't reveal individual records. Used in census, health analytics, tech telemetry for privacy-preserving insights.

Differential Privacy adds mathematical noise to model outputs, providing provable privacy guarantees against membership inference and model inversion attacks.

Security as Code defines policies in declarative format (OPA, Sentinel), enabling version control, testing, automated enforcement. Critical for scalable cloud security governance.

Application-layer encryption ensures data remains encrypted even if storage or network layers are compromised. Critical for end-to-end data protection in Zero Trust architectures.

Instruction tuning fine-tunes LLMs on instruction datasets, improving task completion and helpfulness.

CDNs distribute content to edge locations near users, reducing latency and origin load.

NEP 2020 emphasizes computational thinking, coding, AI exposure from Class 6 onwards.

Model registries manage model versions, parameters, metrics, deployment history.

Hyperparameter tuning: grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization. Critical for maximizing performance.

Self-supervised learning creates supervisory signals from data structure: mask prediction, next sentence prediction.

Section 115BBH taxes crypto income at 30% plus cess, with 1% TDS on transactions.

Cellular computing uses biochemical reactions in cells for parallel computation. Early research stage.

Aditya-L1 positioned at Sun-Earth L1 point for uninterrupted solar observation. Studies coronal heating, CMEs, solar flares for space weather forecasting.