Science – GK Questions

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs. Common point of confusion. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Covalent bonds (shared electrons) have bond energies 150-1100 kJ/mol; ionic 400-4000 kJ/mol (but weaker in solution); hydrogen 10-40 kJ/mol; Van der Waals <5 kJ/mol. Context matters, but covalent is generally strongest intramolecularly. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Namami Gange (launched 2014) is an integrated conservation mission for pollution abatement, rejuvenation, and sustainable use of the Ganga. Flagship environmental program. [[NMCG Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

No horizontal force → no horizontal acceleration → vₓ constant. Vertical component changes due to gravity. Key for solving projectile problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Primary consumers (herbivores) eat producers (plants). Deer eat grass; lions are secondary consumers; fungi are decomposers. Understanding trophic levels is fundamental. [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Tyndall effect: scattering of light by colloidal particles, making beam visible. True solutions don't scatter; suspensions settle. Used to distinguish colloids. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Cloud service models: IaaS (virtualized computing resources), PaaS (development platforms), SaaS (software applications). Examples: AWS (IaaS), Google App Engine (PaaS), Gmail (SaaS). [[MeitY Reports]]

Humans hear 20 Hz (bass) to 20,000 Hz (treble). Ultrasonic (>20 kHz) used in medical imaging; infrasonic (<20 Hz) from earthquakes. Important for acoustics. [[NCERT Physics Class 9]]

Liver synthesizes bile (contains bile salts for fat emulsification); gallbladder concentrates and stores it. Released into duodenum during digestion. Key for physiology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Thermosets (Bakelite, melamine) have cross-linked polymers that don't soften on heating; they char. Thermoplastics (PE, PVC) soften and can be remolded. Important for materials science. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) is Rajasthan's state bird. <150 individuals remain due to habitat loss, power lines. Conservation priority under Project Great Indian Bustard. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Visible light: 4×10¹⁴ Hz (red) to 8×10¹⁴ Hz (violet); wavelength 700-400 nm. Higher frequency than IR, lower than UV. Important for EM spectrum questions. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Incomplete dominance: heterozygote shows intermediate phenotype (e.g., red × white snapdragon → pink). Differs from codominance (both alleles expressed, e.g., AB blood group). [[NCERT Biology Class 12]]

SO₂ and NOₓ from industries/vehicles react with atmospheric water to form H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, causing acid rain (pH < 5.6). Damages monuments, ecosystems, health. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, CPCB Reports]]

https://www.incometax.gov.in is the official e-Filing portal for ITR submission, TDS tracking, and tax services. Part of Digital India for transparent governance. [[CBDT Guidelines]]

Specific heat (c) = Q/(mΔT), unit: J/kg·K. Water has high c (4186 J/kg·K), moderating climate. Essential for calorimetry problems. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Medulla oblongata (brainstem) regulates vital autonomic functions: respiration, cardiovascular activity, vomiting, coughing. Damage can be fatal. Critical for neurophysiology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. If ΔG < 0, process is spontaneous; ΔG > 0, non-spontaneous; ΔG = 0, equilibrium. Unifies enthalpy and entropy for predicting reaction feasibility. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11]]

Alluvial soil (deposited by rivers) covers ~40% of India, especially Indo-Gangetic plains. Fertile, rich in potash, supports intensive agriculture. Important for geography and agriculture. [[ICAR Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Work function (φ) is the threshold energy for photoelectric emission. Einstein's equation: K_max = hν - φ. Central to quantum explanation of photoelectric effect. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]