Science – GK Questions

Launched in 2023, the mission targets 5 MMT annual green hydrogen production, reducing fossil fuel dependence and carbon emissions. Supports energy security and climate goals. [[MNRE Reports, NITI Aayog]]

Spectrometer disperses light into spectrum to measure wavelength, intensity, and spectral lines. Essential for atomic spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and astronomy. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

ABDM (2021) enables digital health IDs, electronic records, and interoperable systems for seamless healthcare access. Part of India's digital public infrastructure strategy. [[MoHFW, NHA Reports]]

mAbs are homogeneous antibodies targeting a single epitope, produced via hybridoma technology. Used in cancer therapy (e.g., Trastuzumab), diagnostics, and autoimmune diseases. [[NCERT Biology Class 12, ICMR Reports]]

Appel reaction: R-OH + SOCl₂/PPh₃ → R-Cl + SO₂ + POCl₃. Converts alcohols to alkyl chlorides under mild conditions. Important synthetic method in organic chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 12]]

CAMPA (2016) manages funds collected for diverting forest land for non-forest use. Ensures afforestation, ecosystem restoration, and tribal welfare. Critical for environmental governance. [[MoEFCC Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

LASER produces coherent, monochromatic, directional light via stimulated emission. Applications: surgery, communication, barcode scanners, LIDAR. Fundamental modern physics concept. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

Qubit (quantum bit) can exist in superposition (0 and 1 simultaneously), enabling parallel computation. Entanglement allows correlated qubit states. Potential to solve problems intractable for classical computers. [[NITI Aayog Reports]]

One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral approach acknowledging that human, animal, and environmental health are linked. Critical for zoonotic disease prevention (e.g., COVID-19, Nipah). [[WHO, MoHFW Guidelines]]

Atom economy = (MW of desired product / MW of all reactants) × 100. High atom economy minimizes waste, aligning with green chemistry principles for sustainable synthesis. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 11, MoEFCC Guidelines]]

Transistors (BJT/FET) amplify weak signals by controlling large output current with small input current/voltage. Foundation of modern electronics: radios, computers, smartphones. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]

LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) was launched by PM Modi at COP26 (2021) to promote mindful consumption and sustainable living. It emphasizes individual actions for collective climate impact. [[MoEFCC, NITI Aayog Reports]]

Dead Cas9 (dCas9) fused with activators/repressors can regulate gene expression without DNA cleavage (CRISPRa/i). Standard Cas9 cuts DNA for editing. This versatility expands therapeutic applications. [[DBT Reports, NCERT Biology Class 12]]

Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander touched down near the lunar south pole (69.37°S, 32.35°E) on August 23, 2023, making India the first nation to land in this scientifically significant region with potential water ice. [[ISRO Reports, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

PM-WANI (Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) enables public Wi-Fi through PDOAs/PDOs. Aims to boost digital inclusion and internet penetration. Part of Digital India. [[MeitY Reports]]

Pascal (Pa) = N/m². Atmospheric pressure ≈ 101,325 Pa = 1 atm. Barometer measures pressure; manometer measures gas pressure. Essential for fluid mechanics. [[NCERT Physics Class 11]]

Ribosomes (80S in eukaryotes, 70S in prokaryotes) translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Found free in cytoplasm or bound to ER. Fundamental cell biology. [[NCERT Biology Class 11]]

Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) neutralizes excess stomach acid (HCl), relieving acidity. Modern antacids use Mg(OH)₂, Al(OH)₃. Common application of acid-base chemistry. [[NCERT Chemistry Class 10]]

Chipko (1970s, Uttarakhand): villagers hugged trees to prevent logging. Pioneered eco-feminism and community-based conservation. Landmark environmental movement in India. [[MoEFCC, NCERT Geography Class 11]]

Δx·Δp ≥ h/4π: fundamental limit in quantum mechanics, not due to measurement errors. Highlights probabilistic nature of microscopic world. [[NCERT Physics Class 12]]