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Cryptographic algorithms resistant to attacks by quantum computers are called ________-Resistant Cryptography.
Answer: Quantum
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) develops algorithms secure against quantum attacks (Shor's algorithm). NIST is standardizing PQC algorithms (CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium). Critical for future-proofing sensitive systems. India's CERT-In and DRDO actively research PQC. Important for strategic cybersecurity questions.
The open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications is called ________.
Answer: Kubernetes
Kubernetes (K8s) is the de facto standard for container orchestration, providing automated deployment, scaling, load balancing, and self-healing for containerized applications. Originally developed by Google, now maintained by CNCF. Essential for cloud-native architecture questions in technical exams.
The global partnership for advancing open-source AI models and tools is called ________ Alliance.
Answer: Partnership on AI / Open Source Initiative
Partnership on AI, Linux Foundation AI & Data, and Hugging Face community promote open-source AI models, datasets, and tools. India contributes via AI4Bharat, Krutrim, and research institutes. Critical for collaborative innovation and avoiding vendor lock-in questions.
The mobile network feature that broadcasts emergency alerts to all phones in a geographic area is called ________ Broadcast.
Answer: Cell / Location-Based
Cell Broadcast (part of CAP - Common Alerting Protocol) sends geo-targeted emergency alerts (cyclones, earthquakes) to all mobile devices in affected areas, regardless of subscription or app installation. Implemented by telecom operators under NDMA guidelines. Critical for last-mile warning dissemination questions.
The Indian standard for accessible mobile applications is aligned with international guidelines called ________.
Answer: WCAG
WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) 2.1/2.2 by W3C provides principles (POUR: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust) for accessible digital content. Adopted in GIGW 3.0 for Indian government apps. Critical for inclusive design compliance and universal access questions.
The computing paradigm that uses quantum mechanical phenomena for solving optimization problems is called ________ Computing.
Answer: Quantum Annealing
Quantum annealing (D-Wave) uses quantum tunneling to find global minima in optimization landscapes, suited for logistics, finance, and machine learning. Differs from gate-based quantum computing. Hybrid quantum-classical approaches show near-term promise. Critical for understanding quantum applications beyond cryptography.
The Indian government's initiative for promoting electric vehicle adoption through subsidies is called ________ India.
Answer: FAME
FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) India Phase-II (2019-2024) provides demand incentives for EVs and charging infrastructure. Focus on public transport, shared mobility, and fleet electrification. Extended with updated policies to accelerate transition to sustainable mobility. Critical for green technology questions.
The global initiative for ethical AI development involving multiple countries is led by ________.
Answer: OECD / UNESCO
OECD AI Principles (2019) and UNESCO Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021) provide international frameworks for trustworthy AI: human rights, transparency, accountability, and sustainability. India actively participates in shaping global norms while developing domestic policies. Critical for AI governance questions.
The mobile app that provides location-based disaster alerts and safety tips to citizens is called ________.
Answer: NDMA App / Disaster Alert
NDMA and state SDMAs operate mobile apps providing real-time alerts for cyclones, floods, earthquakes, and heatwaves. Features: GPS-based warnings, emergency contacts, preparedness checklists, and crowd-sourced damage reporting. Critical for last-mile communication and community resilience questions.
The Indian standard for web accessibility that government websites must follow is called ________ 3.0.
Answer: GIGW
GIGW (Guidelines for Indian Government Websites) 3.0 mandates WCAG 2.1 AA compliance for accessibility: keyboard navigation, alt text, color contrast, ARIA labels. Audited by NIC and MeitY. Ensures inclusive access to e-governance services for persons with disabilities. Critical for digital governance and compliance questions.
The technology that uses biological molecules like DNA for data storage is called ________ Computing.
Answer: Bio-molecular / DNA
DNA data storage encodes digital information into synthetic DNA strands, offering extreme density (exabytes/gram) and longevity (thousands of years). Challenges: slow read/write speeds and high costs. Research by Microsoft, IITs, and startups. Represents convergence of biology and information technology for archival storage.
The Indian government's policy framework for responsible AI development is called National Strategy for ________.
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / #AIforAll
#AIforAll strategy (NITI Aayog, 2018) focuses on leveraging AI for inclusive growth across healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, and mobility. Emphasizes research, skilling, data governance, and ethical principles. Updated frameworks address generative AI, data protection, and global cooperation. Critical for AI policy questions.
The global alliance for developing open 5G/6G network standards with interoperable components is called ________ Alliance.
Answer: O-RAN
O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) Alliance promotes open interfaces, virtualization, and AI-driven optimization in mobile networks. Enables multi-vendor interoperability, innovation, and cost reduction. India actively participates to build indigenous 5G/6G ecosystem. Critical for telecom policy and technology sovereignty questions.
The satellite-based system for early warning of cyclones and floods in India is operated by ________.
Answer: IMD / ISRO
IMD (India Meteorological Department) uses INSAT/GSAT satellites, Doppler weather radars, and numerical models for cyclone tracking and flood forecasting. ISRO provides satellite data and infrastructure. Early warnings enable evacuation and disaster preparedness, saving lives and property. Critical for disaster management questions.
The smallest unit of data in a computer that can have a value of 0 or 1 is called a ________.
Answer: bit
Bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing either 0 or 1. Eight bits make one byte. All digital information - text, images, audio, video - is ultimately stored and processed as sequences of bits.
The process of verifying a user's identity before granting access to a system is called ________.
Answer: Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying who a user claims to be, typically using passwords, biometrics, or tokens. It is distinct from authorization (what an authenticated user is allowed to do) and accounting (tracking user activities).
The full form of 'USB' commonly used for connecting peripherals is ________.
Answer: Universal Serial Bus
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is an industry standard for cables, connectors, and protocols for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and peripheral devices. USB-C is the latest reversible connector standard.
The technology that overlays digital information onto the real world through smartphone cameras is called ________ Reality.
Answer: Augmented
Augmented Reality (AR) superimposes computer-generated images, sounds, or data onto the real-world environment. Unlike VR which creates fully immersive digital environments, AR enhances reality. Applications include gaming, education, retail, and navigation.
The platform that enables cashless transactions using virtual payment addresses in India is called ________.
Answer: UPI
UPI (Unified Payments Interface) enables instant bank-to-bank transactions using virtual payment addresses (e.g., name@bank). Developed by NPCI, it supports peer-to-peer and merchant payments, bill payments, and integrates with multiple banking apps.
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming/outgoing traffic based on predetermined rules is called ________.
Answer: Firewall
Firewall is a network security device/software that monitors and filters traffic between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks based on security rules. It can be hardware-based, software-based, or cloud-based.