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The metric that balances precision and recall for imbalanced classification is called ________ Score.
Answer: F1
F1 Score = 2 * (Precision * Recall) / (Precision + Recall). Harmonic mean balancing false positives and false negatives. Critical for evaluating models on imbalanced datasets.
The pattern of distributing application components across availability zones for resilience is called ________ Deployment.
Answer: Multi-AZ / High-Availability
Multi-AZ deployment distributes resources across physically separate data centers within a region, protecting against zone failures. Critical for business continuity and SLA compliance.
The framework that categorizes adversary tactics and techniques for threat modeling is called ________.
Answer: MITRE ATT&CK
MITRE ATT&CK matrix catalogs adversary TTPs across enterprise, cloud, mobile. Enables threat-informed defense, detection engineering, and red teaming. Critical for mature security operations.
The technique that compresses large models by removing redundant parameters while preserving performance is called Model ________.
Answer: Pruning
Model pruning removes low-importance weights/neurons, reducing size and inference cost. Combined with quantization for efficient edge deployment. Critical for scalable AI systems.
The framework for international cooperation on AI governance is called Global Partnership on ________.
Answer: Artificial Intelligence / GPAI
GPAI (founded 2020) brings together experts for responsible AI: research, policy, best practices. India is founding member. Critical for understanding global AI governance landscape.
The Indian initiative for developing open digital public infrastructure is called ________ Stack.
Answer: India
India Stack layers: identity (Aadhaar), payments (UPI), data sharing (AA), documents (DigiLocker). Enables innovation on public digital infrastructure. Critical for digital governance questions.
The metric that measures the proportion of positive predictions that are actually correct is called ________.
Answer: Precision
Precision = TP / (TP + FP). Critical for imbalanced classification tasks where false positives are costly (fraud detection, medical diagnosis). Complements recall for comprehensive evaluation.
The approach of keeping sensitive data on-premises while using cloud for compute is called ________ Cloud.
Answer: Hybrid
Hybrid cloud combines on-premises infrastructure with public cloud services. Enables data sovereignty compliance while leveraging cloud scalability. Critical for regulated industries.
The process of actively searching for threats that evade automated detection is called Threat ________.
Answer: Hunting
Threat hunting uses hypotheses, analytics, and analyst expertise to find hidden adversaries. Complements automated detection. Critical for advanced persistent threat (APT) defense.
The technique that trains models on multiple tasks simultaneously to improve generalization is called ________ Learning.
Answer: Multi-Task
Multi-task learning shares representations across related tasks, improving sample efficiency and generalization. Critical for building versatile AI systems with limited labeled data per task.
The practice of versioning datasets, models, and code for reproducibility is called ________ Management.
Answer: Artifact / Model Registry
Artifact management (MLflow, DVC) tracks datasets, model versions, hyperparameters, and code commits. Enables reproducibility, auditability, and rollback in ML workflows. Critical for enterprise MLOps.
The technique that enables LLMs to reason step-by-step by generating intermediate thoughts is called Chain-of-________.
Answer: Thought
Chain-of-Thought prompting encourages LLMs to generate reasoning steps before final answer, improving performance on complex reasoning tasks. Critical for enhancing LLM reliability in high-stakes applications.
The feature that allows UPI users to pay by scanning a code displayed at merchant outlets is called ________ Code.
Answer: QR
QR (Quick Response) Code is a two-dimensional barcode that stores payment information. UPI apps can scan merchant QR codes to initiate payments instantly without entering account details. NPCI's Bharat QR is interoperable across banks and payment apps, promoting cashless transactions at small merchants.
A security measure that converts sensitive data into a fixed-size string of characters, which cannot be reversed, is called ________.
Answer: Hashing
Hashing transforms input data of any size into a fixed-length hash value using algorithms like SHA-256 or MD5. It is one-way (irreversible), used for password storage, data integrity verification, and digital signatures. Unlike encryption, hashed data cannot be decrypted to original form.
The concept where physical and digital worlds merge through smart devices and data exchange is called Industry ________.
Answer: 4.0
Industry 4.0 (Fourth Industrial Revolution) integrates IoT, AI, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, and real-time data analytics into manufacturing. Enables smart factories with predictive maintenance, mass customization, and autonomous decision-making. India's SAMARTH Udyog initiative promotes Industry 4.0 adoption in MSMEs.
A private network within an organization that uses internet protocols but is accessible only to authorized users is called an ________.
Answer: Intranet
Intranet is a private network using TCP/IP protocols, accessible only to organization members. It hosts internal websites, documents, and applications. Extranet extends intranet to authorized external users (partners, vendors). Internet is the public global network. Firewalls protect intranets from external threats.
The initiative that promotes domestic manufacturing of electronics in India is called ________ in India.
Answer: Make
Make in India, launched in 2014, aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub, with focus on 27 sectors including electronics, IT, and telecommunications. It encourages foreign investment, skill development, and innovation to boost domestic production and reduce imports.
The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory is called ________.
Answer: Booting
Booting is the startup sequence when a computer is powered on. BIOS/UEFI performs POST (Power-On Self-Test), locates boot device, loads bootloader, which then loads the OS kernel into RAM. Cold boot = power-on start; warm boot = restart without power cycle.
The branch of AI focused on enabling computers to understand and process human language is called ________ Processing.
Answer: Natural Language
Natural Language Processing (NLP) combines linguistics, computer science, and AI to enable machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. Applications include chatbots, translation services, sentiment analysis, voice assistants, and automated content summarization.
In programming, a loop that executes at least once regardless of condition is called a ________ loop.
Answer: do-while
do-while loop checks the condition AFTER executing the loop body, guaranteeing at least one execution. In contrast, while and for loops check condition BEFORE execution, potentially skipping the body entirely if condition is initially false. Syntax varies by language but logic remains consistent.