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The 'Panchatantra' is a collection of animal fables with moral lessons.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Panchatantra (c. 3rd century BCE), attributed to Vishnu Sharma, is a collection of interrelated animal fables teaching political wisdom and practical ethics. It influenced world literature through translations. [[30]]
Kalidasa wrote 'Abhijnanashakuntalam', a play based on the Mahabharata.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Kalidasa's 'Abhijnanashakuntalam' is based on an episode in the Mahabharata about Shakuntala and King Dushyanta. It is considered a masterpiece of Sanskrit literature and world drama. [[1]]
The 'Pravasi Bharatiya Divas' was first celebrated in 2003 to honor the Indian diaspora.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas was first celebrated on January 9, 2003, commemorating Gandhi's return from South Africa. It honors contributions of the Indian diaspora and strengthens ties with India. [[1]]
Mahatma Gandhi began his political career in South Africa fighting against racial discrimination.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gandhi developed his philosophy of Satyagraha in South Africa (1893-1914), fighting against discriminatory laws targeting Indians. This experience shaped his methods later used in India's freedom struggle. [[30]]
The 'States Reorganisation Act' of 1956 created states primarily on linguistic basis.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The States Reorganisation Act 1956, based on the Fazl Ali Commission report, reorganized state boundaries primarily on linguistic lines, creating 14 states and 6 union territories. [[30]]
Hyderabad was integrated into India through 'Operation Polo' in 1948.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Operation Polo (September 1948) was the police action by which Indian forces integrated Hyderabad into the Indian Union. The Nizam surrendered, ending his rule and the Razakar militia's violence. [[1]]
The 'Vellore Mutiny' (1806) preceded the Revolt of 1857 as an early sepoy uprising.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Vellore Mutiny (July 1806) was an early sepoy uprising against British interference in religious customs. Though suppressed, it foreshadowed the larger 1857 Revolt. [[1]]
The 'Pabna Peasant Uprising' (1873) occurred in Bengal.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Pabna Peasant Uprising (1873) in Bengal was against zamindars who increased rents and evicted tenants. Peasants formed agrarian leagues and used legal methods to resist exploitation. [[30]]
The Ahom kingdom successfully resisted Mughal expansion for over a century.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Ahom kingdom of Assam resisted Mughal invasions for over a century, notably defeating them at the Battle of Saraighat (1671). They maintained independence until British conquest in 1826. [[30]]
Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara wrote 'Amuktamalyada' in Telugu.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Krishnadevaraya (1509-1529) composed 'Amuktamalyada' in Telugu, a poetic work on the life of Andal. He was a great patron of literature in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Sanskrit. [[1]]
The Pallavas and Chalukyas were frequent rivals in South India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Pallavas (Kanchipuram) and Chalukyas (Badami) fought numerous wars between the 6th-8th centuries CE for dominance in the Deccan. Their conflict shaped South Indian political history and temple architecture. [[1]]
The Vakataka dynasty was a contemporary of the Guptas in the Deccan region.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Vakatakas (c. 250-500 CE) ruled the Deccan concurrently with the Guptas in North India. They patronized art and architecture, including the Ajanta Caves, and had matrimonial alliances with the Guptas. [[30]]
The 'Chhau' dance is a semi-classical tribal dance from Eastern India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Chhau dance, from Odisha, Jharkhand, and West Bengal, blends martial arts, folk traditions, and classical elements. It uses masks and depicts episodes from epics, recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage. [[30]]
The 'Madhubani' painting style originates from the Mithila region of Bihar.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Madhubani (Mithila) painting from Bihar uses natural colors and depicts mythology, nature, and social events. Traditionally done by women on walls and floors, it is now recognized globally as a folk art. [[1]]
The 'Vietnam War' ended with the fall of Saigon in 1975 and the reunification of Vietnam.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Vietnam War ended with the fall of Saigon (April 30, 1975) to North Vietnamese forces. Vietnam was reunified in 1976 as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, marking a significant Cold War outcome. [[1]]
India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947.
- True
- False
Answer: True
India became independent on August 15, 1947, ending nearly 200 years of British colonial rule. The transfer of power was accompanied by Partition, creating the dominions of India and Pakistan. [[30]]
The 'Zij-i-Muhammadi' was an astronomical table compiled in medieval India under Islamic patronage.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Zij-i-Muhammadi and other astronomical tables were compiled in medieval India, blending Indian, Persian, and Greek knowledge. They facilitated accurate calendar calculations and navigation. [[30]]
The 'Delhi Iron Pillar' is notable for its rust-resistant composition.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Delhi Iron Pillar (c. 4th-5th century CE) has resisted rusting for over 1,600 years due to its high phosphorus content and protective passive film. It showcases ancient Indian metallurgical expertise. [[1]]
The 'Nationalization of Banks' in India occurred in two phases: 1969 and 1980.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Indira Gandhi nationalized 14 major banks in 1969 and 6 more in 1980. This aimed to extend banking to rural areas, support agriculture, and reduce concentration of economic power. [[1]]
India's economic liberalization began in 1991 under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The 1991 economic reforms, led by Finance Minister Manmohan Singh under PM P.V. Narasimha Rao, liberalized trade, reduced licenses, and opened India to foreign investment, transforming the economy. [[30]]