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The Age of Consent Act (1891) raised the age of marriage for girls from 10 to 12 years.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Age of Consent Act 1891, championed by social reformers, raised the age of consent for girls from 10 to 12 years. It faced conservative opposition but marked progress in protecting child rights. [[30]]
The construction of railways in India primarily benefited Indian industries by providing cheap transport.
- True
- False
Answer: False
While railways facilitated movement, they primarily served British interests: transporting raw materials to ports for export and moving troops. Indian industries gained limited benefit due to discriminatory freight rates. [[1]]
The British policy of 'free trade' led to the decline of Indian handicraft industries.
- True
- False
Answer: True
British free trade policy allowed duty-free import of British manufactured goods while imposing duties on Indian exports. This destroyed India's traditional handicrafts, causing unemployment and poverty. [[30]]
The Vijayanagara architecture combined Dravidian and Indo-Islamic elements.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Vijayanagara architecture (14th-16th century) blended Dravidian temple styles with Indo-Islamic elements like arches and domes, reflecting cultural synthesis. Hampi's ruins showcase this unique fusion. [[30]]
The Meenakshi Temple in Madurai is dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi (Parvati) and Lord Sundareswarar (Shiva).
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple in Madurai, expanded by the Nayak rulers, is dedicated to Goddess Meenakshi and Lord Shiva. Its towering gopurams and thousand-pillar hall exemplify Dravidian architecture. [[1]]
Mirabai composed devotional poems (bhajans) dedicated to Lord Krishna.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Mirabai (16th century), a Rajput princess and devotee of Krishna, composed heartfelt bhajans expressing divine love. Her poems remain popular in Hindu devotional music across India. [[1]]
Tulsidas wrote the 'Ramcharitmanas' in Awadhi dialect.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Goswami Tulsidas composed Ramcharitmanas in Awadhi (a dialect of Hindi) in the 16th century. It popularized the Rama bhakti movement across North India and remains widely recited. [[30]]
The Charvaka school of philosophy was materialistic and rejected the authority of the Vedas.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Charvaka (Lokayata) was a materialistic school that rejected Vedas, afterlife, and supernatural entities. It emphasized perception as the only source of knowledge and advocated hedonistic ethics. [[30]]
The 'Yoga Sutras' were compiled by Patanjali.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Patanjali compiled the Yoga Sutras (c. 2nd century BCE), systematizing Yoga philosophy and practice. The text outlines the eight limbs of Yoga (Ashtanga) leading to spiritual liberation. [[1]]
The Indo-Pak War of 1971 led to the creation of Bangladesh.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Indo-Pak War of December 1971 resulted in Pakistan's surrender and the creation of Bangladesh. India's victory strengthened its regional position and demonstrated military capability. [[1]]
The States Reorganisation Commission (1953) recommended reorganization of states on linguistic basis.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The States Reorganisation Commission (Fazl Ali Commission, 1953) recommended reorganizing states primarily on linguistic lines. The States Reorganisation Act 1956 implemented most recommendations, creating 14 states and 6 UTs. [[30]]
The Indian Independence Act 1947 set August 15, 1947, as the date for transfer of power.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Indian Independence Act 1947, passed by British Parliament, set August 15, 1947, as the date for transfer of power and creation of two dominions. Lord Mountbatten advanced the date from June 1948 to August 1947. [[1]]
The Lahore Resolution (1940) demanded independent states for Muslims in North-Western and Eastern India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Lahore Resolution (March 1940), moved by A.K. Fazlul Haq, demanded 'independent states' for Muslims in North-Western and Eastern India. It later became the basis for the demand for Pakistan. [[30]]
The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Sardar Patel led the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) in Gujarat against increased land revenue. The successful non-violent protest earned him the title 'Sardar' from women of Bardoli. [[1]]
Rash Behari Bose escaped to Japan after the Lahore Conspiracy Case.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Rash Behari Bose escaped to Japan in 1915 after the failure of the Ghadar Mutiny and Lahore Conspiracy Case. He later played a key role in organizing the Indian Independence League and INA in Southeast Asia. [[30]]
The 'Quit India' movement saw parallel governments established in some areas like Ballia and Satara.
- True
- False
Answer: True
During Quit India (1942), parallel governments (Prati Sarkar) were established in Ballia (UP), Tamluk (Bengal), and Satara (Maharashtra), demonstrating people's capacity for self-governance. [[30]]
Mahatma Gandhi undertook a fast unto death during the Communal Award controversy in 1932.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Gandhi fasted against the Communal Award's provision for separate electorates for Depressed Classes. The fast led to the Poona Pact with Ambedkar, ensuring reserved seats within joint electorates. [[1]]
The Surat Split (1907) divided the Congress into Moderates and Extremists.
- True
- False
Answer: True
The Surat Session (1907) witnessed a split between Moderates and Extremists over methods and goals. The division weakened the Congress until the Lucknow Pact (1916) reunited the factions. [[30]]
The Indian National Congress demanded 'Swaraj' as its goal during the Moderate phase (1885-1905).
- True
- False
Answer: False
During the Moderate phase, Congress sought reforms within the British framework, not complete independence. The demand for 'Swaraj' was formally adopted only at the Lahore Session in 1929 under Nehru's presidency. [[1]]
The Pitt's India Act of 1784 established a Board of Control to supervise the East India Company.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Pitt's India Act (1784) created a Board of Control in London to oversee the Company's political affairs, while the Court of Directors managed commercial matters. This established dual control over Indian administration. [[1]]