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Serverless computing means no servers are used; code runs entirely on client devices.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Serverless (e.g., AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) abstracts server management from developers. Servers still exist but are fully managed by the provider. Developers deploy code functions that auto-scale and charge per execution. Benefits: no infrastructure management, automatic scaling, pay-per-use pricing. Not 'no servers' but 'no server management'.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) using SMS-based OTP is considered the most secure MFA method.
- True
- False
Answer: False
SMS-based OTP is vulnerable to SIM swapping, SS7 attacks, and phishing. More secure MFA methods include: authenticator apps (TOTP), hardware tokens (YubiKey), biometrics, and FIDO2/WebAuthn. NIST guidelines recommend moving away from SMS OTP for high-security applications. Layered security approach is essential.
Homomorphic encryption allows computations on encrypted data without decrypting it first.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Homomorphic encryption enables performing calculations on ciphertext, producing encrypted results that, when decrypted, match operations performed on plaintext. Critical for privacy-preserving cloud computing, secure voting, and confidential AI inference. Still computationally intensive but advancing with research and hardware acceleration.
A clustered index determines the physical order of data in a table, and only one clustered index can exist per table.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Clustered index physically sorts table data rows based on index key values. Since data can be sorted in only one order, a table can have only one clustered index (usually on primary key). Non-clustered indexes store logical order separately with pointers to data rows; multiple non-clustered indexes are allowed.
The Aditya-L1 mission is positioned at the L1 Lagrange point to continuously observe the Sun without eclipses.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Aditya-L1 orbits the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point (~1.5 million km from Earth), where gravitational forces balance, allowing uninterrupted solar observation. This position avoids Earth's shadow, enabling 24/7 monitoring of solar activities, coronal mass ejections, and space weather forecasting.
In cloud computing, the customer is always responsible for security 'of' the cloud, while the provider handles security 'in' the cloud.
- True
- False
Answer: False
The shared responsibility model states: Cloud provider is responsible for security 'OF' the cloud (infrastructure, hardware, physical security). Customer is responsible for security 'IN' the cloud (data, applications, access management, OS patching in IaaS). Responsibilities vary by service model (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS).
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware for local transaction storage.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Offline mode enables transactions without internet, synchronizing when online.
One carbon credit represents one tonne of CO2 equivalent.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Carbon credits traded in compliance and voluntary markets.
Artemis Accords establish principles for peaceful lunar cooperation.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Artemis Accords signed by India in 2023 for cooperative exploration.
Hash-based signatures are quantum-resistant but have larger signature sizes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SPHINCS+ uses hash functions believed quantum-resistant. Trade-off: larger signatures.
Purpose limitation requires using personal data only for specified, explicit purposes.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Purpose limitation prevents function creep and ensures consented use.
Service mesh provides infrastructure-level observability, security, and traffic management.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Service mesh deploys sidecar proxies for mTLS, retries, metrics, tracing.
The concept of 'cyber sovereignty' emphasizes national control over internet infrastructure and data flows.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cyber sovereignty drives policies: data localization, domestic infrastructure, indigenous standards.
The CBDC feature that enables programmable subsidies with usage restrictions is called Smart Contracts.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Programmable CBDC enables conditional transfers for specific goods/services.
In-situ resource utilization enables production of rocket fuel from lunar water ice.
- True
- False
Answer: True
ISRU extracts and processes lunar materials for propellant production, enabling sustainable exploration.
Quantum annealing is suitable for optimization problems but not for general-purpose quantum computing.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Quantum annealing specializes in optimization via quantum tunneling. Different from gate-based universal quantum computing.
The Right to Correction allows individuals to request rectification of inaccurate personal data.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Right to Correction ensures data accuracy and enables individuals to update incorrect information.
The Startup India initiative provides a unified platform for startup mentoring, funding, and compliance.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Startup India ecosystem integrates Hub, DPIIT recognition, NITI Aayog policy guidance.
The concept of 'data sovereignty' emphasizes national control over data generated within borders.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Data sovereignty drives policies: data localization, domestic cloud infrastructure, indigenous standards.
The CBDC feature that allows transactions without internet connectivity is called Offline Mode.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Offline CBDC uses secure hardware for local transaction storage, synchronizing when online.