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The metaverse concept includes persistent virtual worlds that continue to exist even when users log off.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Persistence is a defining feature of metaverse: virtual environments, economies, and social interactions continue evolving independently of individual user presence. Enabled by cloud infrastructure, blockchain state, and server-side simulation. Critical for distinguishing metaverse from ephemeral VR experiences or video games.
Quantum cryptography (QKD) provides theoretically unbreakable encryption based on quantum physics principles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) uses quantum properties (no-cloning theorem, measurement disturbance) to detect eavesdropping during key exchange. If intercepted, quantum states change, alerting parties. Provides information-theoretic security, unlike computational security of RSA/ECC. Deployed in limited networks; scaling challenges remain.
SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) enables robots to navigate unknown environments without pre-existing maps.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SLAM algorithms use sensor data (LIDAR, cameras, IMU) to build a map of an unknown environment while simultaneously tracking the robot's location within it. Critical for autonomous vehicles, drones, and service robots. Combines probabilistic filtering, optimization, and machine learning. Important for robotics navigation questions.
Metal 3D printing can produce parts with mechanical properties comparable to traditionally manufactured components.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Advanced metal AM processes (SLM, EBM, DMLS) produce fully dense parts with mechanical properties meeting aerospace/medical standards. Post-processing (heat treatment, machining) may be required. Advantages: design freedom, part consolidation, and rapid iteration. Challenges: cost, surface finish, and certification. Important for advanced manufacturing questions.
Private blockchains require permission to join and are suitable for enterprise use cases.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Private/permissioned blockchains restrict participation to authorized entities, offering higher throughput, privacy, and regulatory compliance. Used in supply chain, trade finance, and consortium applications (e.g., Hyperledger, Corda). Contrast with public blockchains (Bitcoin, Ethereum) which are open and decentralized. Important for enterprise blockchain questions.
Interoperability between different metaverse platforms allows users to carry digital assets across virtual worlds.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Interoperability enables avatars, items, and currencies to move between platforms using open standards (like OpenXR, blockchain-based NFTs). Critical for user adoption and metaverse value. Current challenges: proprietary ecosystems, technical standards, and governance. Industry consortia (Metaverse Standards Forum) working on solutions.
Quantum supremacy means quantum computers can solve all problems faster than classical computers.
- True
- False
Answer: False
Quantum supremacy (demonstrated by Google in 2019) means a quantum computer solved a specific, contrived problem faster than the best classical supercomputer. It does NOT mean quantum computers are universally superior. Most practical problems still favor classical computers. Quantum advantage (practical usefulness) remains a research goal.
Collaborative robots (cobots) are designed to work safely alongside humans without safety cages.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Cobots feature force-limited joints, speed monitoring, and collision detection to ensure safe human-robot interaction. Used in assembly, packaging, and healthcare where flexibility and close collaboration are needed. Contrast with industrial robots requiring fenced workcells. Important for Industry 4.0 and workplace safety questions.
3D bioprinting can currently create fully functional human organs for transplantation.
- True
- False
Answer: False
While 3D bioprinting can create tissue constructs and simple structures (skin, cartilage), fully functional complex organs (heart, kidney) with vascular networks remain a research challenge. Current applications: drug testing, disease modeling, and custom implants. Significant advances needed in biomaterials, cell sourcing, and vascularization.
India's National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA) has a budget allocation of ₹8000 crore for 5 years.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NM-QTA, launched in 2020, allocates ₹8000 crore over 5 years for research in quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials. Implemented by DST with participation from IITs, IISc, and industry. Aims to position India as a global leader in quantum technologies. Critical for science policy and emerging tech questions.
The PM-KISAN scheme uses Aadhaar authentication for direct benefit transfer to farmers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PM-KISAN provides ₹6,000/year income support to farmer families via DBT. Aadhaar authentication ensures accurate beneficiary identification and reduces leakage. Integrated with land records and bank accounts. Critical for digital governance and agricultural welfare questions.
The National Digital Education Architecture (NDEAR) provides blueprints for interoperable education technology systems.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NDEAR is a framework of specifications and standards enabling interoperability among education apps, platforms, and data systems. Supports innovation while ensuring privacy, security, and portability. Critical for scalable, inclusive digital education ecosystem under NEP 2020.
The Startup India Seed Fund Scheme provides financial assistance for proof of concept and commercialization.
- True
- False
Answer: True
SISFS provides up to ₹20 lakh for proof of concept and ₹50 lakh for commercialization via incubators. Targets early-stage startups in innovation-driven sectors. Part of Startup India ecosystem support. Critical for understanding government funding mechanisms for entrepreneurship.
The BrahMos missile is a joint venture between India and Russia for supersonic cruise missiles.
- True
- False
Answer: True
BrahMos Aerospace is a JV between DRDO and Russia's NPO Mashinostroyeniya. BrahMos missiles (290-450 km range, Mach 2.8-3 speed) are deployed by Army, Navy, and Air Force. Land-attack variant tested successfully. Represents successful international defense collaboration. Critical for strategic studies questions.
The e-Sanjeevani platform provides free teleconsultation services to citizens across India.
- True
- False
Answer: True
e-Sanjeevani is a national telemedicine service enabling doctor-to-doctor and patient-to-doctor consultations via video. Over 100 million consultations delivered, especially valuable for rural access. Integrated with ABDM for health records. Critical for digital health infrastructure questions.
Kisan drones under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization can be used for crop assessment and spraying.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Kisan drones are promoted for multiple applications: crop health monitoring via multispectral imaging, precision spraying of inputs, land mapping, and disaster assessment. Financial assistance available under SMAM. Represents convergence of agriculture and technology for productivity and sustainability. Important for AgriTech policy questions.
The National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) under NEP 2020 will advise on technology integration in education.
- True
- False
Answer: True
NETF is proposed as an autonomous body to provide strategic guidance on EdTech adoption, quality standards, research, and capacity building. Aims to ensure equitable, effective, and ethical use of technology in education. Part of NEP 2020's systemic reforms. Important for education policy questions.
The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for IT hardware aims to boost domestic manufacturing of laptops and servers.
- True
- False
Answer: True
PLI scheme for IT hardware (2021) provides incentives on incremental sales of laptops, tablets, servers, and components manufactured in India. Aims to reduce imports, create jobs, and strengthen electronics ecosystem. Part of Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy. Critical for industrial policy and technology questions.
The Tejas Mk1A fighter aircraft features an indigenous AESA radar developed by DRDO.
- True
- False
Answer: True
Tejas Mk1A incorporates Uttam AESA radar developed by DRDO's LRDE, enhancing detection range, multi-target tracking, and electronic warfare capabilities. 83 aircraft ordered by IAF with 50% indigenous content. Represents milestone in self-reliance in critical defense technologies. Critical for defense indigenization questions.
CoWIN platform was built on open-source technology and can be adapted for other immunization programs.
- True
- False
Answer: True
CoWIN's modular, open-source architecture enables repurposing for routine immunization, disease surveillance, and health program management. Demonstrates value of building reusable digital public infrastructure. Government plans to adapt it for Universal Immunization Programme. Important for digital governance questions.