Technology – MCQ – GK Questions

Q: India's National Mission on Quantum Technologies allocates how much funding over 5 years?

₹8000 crore – NM-QTA (2020) allocates ₹8000 crore for quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials research. Implemented by DST with IITs, IISc participation. Critical for science policy questions.

Q: Which physical system is NOT commonly used for implementing qubits?

Classical transistors – Leading qubit implementations: superconducting (IBM, Google), trapped ions (IonQ), photonic (Xanadu). Classical transistors cannot maintain quantum coherence. Critical for understanding quantum hardware landscape.

Q: Which cryptographic approach is being standardized by NIST to resist quantum attacks?

All of these – NIST PQC standardization includes: CRYSTALS-Kyber (lattice-based KEM), CRYSTALS-Dilithium (lattice signatures), SPHINCS+ (hash-based). India's CERT-In and DRDO actively research PQC adoption.

Q: Which regulation requires impact assessments for high-risk AI systems in the EU?

AI Act – EU AI Act (2024) mandates Fundamental Rights Impact Assessments for high-risk AI: hiring, credit scoring, law enforcement. India monitors global developments for domestic policy alignment.

Q: Which privacy technique enables AI training without accessing raw personal data?

All of these – Privacy-preserving AI: Differential Privacy adds noise to aggregates; Federated Learning trains on-device; Synthetic Data generates artificial datasets. All enable AI while protecting individual privacy.

Q: Which framework provides guidelines for trustworthy AI development adopted by India?

Both A and B – India endorses OECD AI Principles (2019) and UNESCO Recommendation on AI Ethics (2021). Both emphasize human rights, transparency, accountability, and sustainability. Critical for AI governance questions.

Q: Which technique helps explain AI model predictions to non-technical stakeholders?

All of these – Explainable AI (XAI) techniques: Feature Importance ranks input influence; LIME/SHAP provide local explanations; Model Cards document model purpose, performance, limitations. Critical for trust and regulatory compliance.

Q: Which principle of Responsible AI ensures that AI systems do not discriminate against protected groups?

Fairness – Fairness in AI requires systems to avoid bias based on race, gender, caste, religion, etc. Techniques include bias detection metrics, diverse training data, and fairness-aware algorithms. Critical for ethical AI deployment in hiring, lending, and public services.

Q: Which technique enables data subjects to request deletion of their personal data?

Right to Erasure – Right to Erasure (Right to be Forgotten) allows individuals to request deletion of personal data when no longer necessary or consent withdrawn. Critical for DPDP/GDPR compliance questions.

Q: Which framework provides guidelines for securing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments?

Both A and B – NIST IR 8259 and ETSI EN 303 645 provide IoT security baselines: secure boot, updates, data protection. Critical for IoT security architecture questions.